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Reconsideration of the Mongol Legacy in Chosŏn-Ming Relations and the Issue of Sinocentrism
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몽골 제국의 유산으로서의 조명관계(朝明關係)와 중화주의 문제 재고(再考)

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Cho, Ilsoo (교토대학)
Journal
THE KOREAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The Korean Historical Review Vol.256 KCI Excellent Accredited Journal
Published
2022.12
Pages
139 - 176 (38page)
DOI
10.16912/tkhr.2022.12.256.139

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Reconsideration of the Mongol Legacy in Chosŏn-Ming Relations and the Issue of Sinocentrism
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Over the past decades, scholars have excavated the Mongol Empire’s far-reaching legacy in shaping the world’s subsequent history. A new historiographical development has argued that the early Ming rulers aimed to succeed the Mongol world empire by incorporating neighboring polities through rituals. Korean elites allegedly corresponded to the Ming advances by internalizing the Sinocentric worldview and Korea’s predetermined position as a vassal of the world empire in China. This article critically examines this position by first raising the following two points. First, arguments for the Ming"s integration of Korea through rituals may have overstated their case, as some relevant rituals appear to do the opposite. Second, this group of scholars seems to ignore that the Sinocentric worldview did not allow “private interaction” for its vassals and that Korea’s “autonomy” in its foreign policy could not be justified. This article elaborated on this point by exemplifying Chosŏn Korea’s foreign policies during the reign of king Injo. This article then critically examines the definition of Sinocentrism itself, which numerous scholars have misleadingly interpreted as a universal cultural or intellectual paradigm. As a related point, this article argues that Sinocentrism’s universal aspect is rooted in China’s need as a historical empire to assimilate its ethnic minorities. Contrary to the argument that Korea fully accepted the Sinocentric worldview as a vassal of the Chinese empire, this article concludes that Korea’s endorsement of Sinocentrism had little to do with China itself and involved significant alteration per the political and intellectual context of Chosŏn Korea.

Contents

I. 머리말: 몽골 제국의 유산으로서의 조명관계론
II. 조명관계에서의 의례와 사교(私交) 문제
III. 제국(帝國)의 사상으로서의 중화주의
IV. 결어: 조선에서의 중화주의
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