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The Present Situation and Prospects of the Gibbs Rule in Major Countries
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Gibbs Rule에 관한 주요국가의 현황과 전망

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim, Young-Seok (대법원)
Journal
Korea Private International Law Association Korea Private International Law Journal Vol.28 No.1 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2022.6
Pages
81 - 115 (35page)
DOI
10.38131/kpilj.2022.6.28.1.81

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The Present Situation and Prospects of the Gibbs Rule in Major Countries
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Abstract· Keywords

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The Gibbs Rule, established by the U.K. Court of Appeals in 1890 through Antony Gibbs case, is a long-established common law principle that a debt governed by English law cannot be discharged or compromised by a foreign insolvency proceeding. The rule does not meet the purpose of insolvency proceedings, and is not in accordance with practice because it actually forces to proceed individual insolvency proceedings in different countries to deal with debts governed by various countries.
U.S. Bankruptcy Court and courts of Australia and Singapore belonging to Commonwealth have issued a series of rulings criticizing the Gibbs Rule, but the U.K. is sticking to the Gibbs Rule despite such criticism. The U.K. had the opportunity to change Gibbs Rule in the Bakrie Investindo case in 2011 and Gunel Bakhshiyeva case in 2018, but eventually maintained the rule, disappointing many insolvency practitioners.
The Gibbs Rule may be a system that can help expand the U.K. legal market, but it does not conform to the Universalism. Moreover it is more difficult to maintain the Gibbs Rule in a situation where UNCITRAL enacted a new Model Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Insolvency-Related Judgments (IRJ Model Law) on July 2018 to overcome the U.K.’s limited and closed position on Cross-Border Insolvency matters.
However it is worth considering COMI to adjust the debt governed by English law outside the U.K. This is because if the parties agree to introduce a clause that they will accept all debt discharge judgments rendered by a country in either of the contracting parties" domicile or COMI, there is no problem under the contractual analysis which Gibbs Rule is based on.
What debtors ultimately want to achieve through insolvency proceedings is debt adjustment through plan confirmation or discharge order. This Cross-Border Insolvency is meaningful only where the above confirmation or discharge orders rendered in foreign proceedings are smoothly recognized and enforced. With the Gibbs Rule losing ground, it is time to pay a lot of attention to the reforming of the Cross-Border Insolvency system, focusing on the IRJ Model Law.

Contents

Ⅰ. 들어가며
Ⅱ. Antony Gibbs 판결을 통한 Gibbs Rule의 확립
Ⅲ. Gibbs Rule이 적용된 최근 영국사례
Ⅳ. 미연방파산법원이 바라본 Gibbs Rule
Ⅴ. Gibbs Rule에 반대하는 영연방(Commonwealth)의 움직임
Ⅵ. 결론
참고문헌
국문초록
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