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Wonhyo's View of Human Beings and his Redemption of Mankind
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Type
Academic journal
Author
NAM Dongsin (Seoul National University) Jong Woo PARK Boram SEO
Journal
The Academy of Korean Studies THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.25 No.1 KCI Accredited Journals SCOPUS
Published
2022.6
Pages
9 - 41 (33page)

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Wonhyo's View of Human Beings and his Redemption of Mankind
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This article looks at how the prominent East Asian Buddhist thinker Wonhyo viewed humans and how he practiced his thoughts. While Buddhism proclaimed humanism, it is paradoxically hard to find any Buddhist texts discussing humans. Wonhyo, who left behind a vast collection of writings of more than 70 copies and 150 volumes, is no exception. In terms of methodology, the first two sections of the present article cover the background to understand Wonhyos’ view of human beings. Section 2 looks at the humanistic character of Buddhism; Section 3 looks at all of the words related to human beings in Wonhyo’s writings and summarizes their definitions as well as their use by Wonhyo; Section 4 clarifies that Wonhyo’s view that all humans were equal was formed based on the Doctrine of Ilsim, or One Mind, in the Mahāyāna-śraddhotpādaśāstra; and finally, Section 5 interprets his conduct of non-obstruction that did not hesitate to break the precepts from the perspective of edifying all living beings as a religious mission of a bodhisattva who has not left home, or gṛha-pati. Wonhyo found all human beings equal in the sense of endless death and reincarnation of One Mind but simultaneously recognized the difference between bodhisattva and all living beings and urged the former to edify the latter. He emulated Vimalakīrti and devoted himself to the edification of all living beings, which he called non-obstruction, after returning to secular life. Wonhyo’s view that all humans were equal and his altruistic bodhisattva practices are significant in that he both sought the direction Unified Silla should pursue in a Buddhist equal society. His marriage with Princess Yoseok and the appointment of his son by the royal family, which led the unification of the Three Kingdoms, implies that Wonhyo’s view of humans and conduct to edify all living beings responded to the demand of the times. Thus, the 13th-century Buddhist historian Iryeon attributed the spread of Buddhism in Silla to Wonhyo. At the same time, Wonhyo was devoted to investigating the universal mind of humans like doctrinal-study monks from the perspective of Vijñānavāda and did not focus on the human body or the natural environment. In this sense, he represented the view of humans of doctrinal Buddhism.
#Bodhisattva 菩薩 #conduct of no-obstruction 無碍行 #Gisinnon byeolgi 起信論別記 #Gisinnon so/Commentary on the Awakening of Faith 大乘起信論疏 #gṛha-pati 居士 #Hwajaeng 和諍 #Ilsim/One Mind 一心 #Geumgang sammaegyong non 金剛三昧經論 #Wonhyo/Weonhyo 元曉

Contents

Posing the Questions
Buddhism as Humanism
Buddhist Terms on Human Beings
All Human Beings are Equal: Doctrine of One Mind 一心思想
The Redemption of Mankind of the Gṛha-pati: Conduct of Non-obstruction 無碍行
Implications in Intellectual History
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Abstract

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