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Background: The patency of arteriovenous access is important for stable andeffective hemodialysis, and long-term technical survival is best achieved with anative arteriovenous fistula (AVF). However, maintaining AVF patency remains achallenge. This study was designed to determine the independent prognostic factorsfor AVF patency according to hemodialysis duration. Methods: The primary study end point was unassisted patency of the AVF, whichwas defined as the time from the first fistula surgery to the first AVF failure. AVFfailure was defined as an event that required percutaneous intervention or surgeryto revise or replace the fistula, which occurred at least 2 months after fistulaformation. Results: We enrolled 478 patients with a mean age of 55.5714.0 years, and meanduration of dialysis was 2.572.1 years. There were 109 cases (22.8%) of AVF failure. The factors related to AVF patency differed according to hemodialysis duration. Using a Cox-adjusted model, we observed a significant correlation between theincidence of AVF failure and diabetes within the initial 12 months of hemodialysis. Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia (mean serum phosphorus45.5 mg/dL duringhemodialysis) was associated with patency loss of AVF after 1 year of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Various factors were associated with the development of patency lossof AVF as hemodialysis duration differed, and a preventive role of hyperphosphatemiacontrol in AVF survival needs further clinical study.

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