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Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curable therapy for pediatric cancer. However, changes in cardiac function in childrenafter HSCT are not well known. We assessed left ventricular (LV) function in children after HSCT using speckle tracking echocardiography(STE). Subjects and Methods: Forty consecutive patients with median age of 11.9 years (range, 1.5–16 years) who received HSCT for acuteleukemia and had comprehensive echocardiography before and after (median 9.2 month) HSCT were included in this study. The LV functionparameters including conventional tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and STE data were collected from pre- and post-HSCT echocardiography. These data were compared to those of 39 age-matched normal controls. Results: Compared to normal controls, post HSCT patients had similar (p=0.06) LV ejection fraction. However, the following three LV functionparameters were significantly decreased in post HSCT patients: rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (p=0.04),mitral inflow E velocity (p<0.001), and mitral septal annular E’ velocity (p=0.03). The following four STE parameters were also significantlydecreased in post HSCT patients: LV global circumferential systolic strain (p<0.01), strain rate (SR, p=0.01), circumferential diastolic SR(p<0.01), and longitudinal diastolic SR (p<0.001). There was no significant change in TDI or STE parameters after HSCT compared to pre-HSCT. Patients with anthracycline cumulative dose >400 mg/m2 showed significantly (p<0.05) lower circumferential systolic strain andcircumferential diastolic SR. Conclusion: Subclinical cardiac dysfunction is evident in children after HSCT. It might be associated with pre-HSCT anthracycline exposurewith little effect of conditioning regimens. Serial monitoring of cardiac function is mandatory for all children following HSCT.

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