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The Changes and Implications in Korean Mental Health Act
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한국 정신보건법의 변화와 그 의미

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Shin Kwonchul (서울시립대학교)
Journal
경희대학교 법학연구소 경희법학 경희법학 제52권 제3호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.1
Pages
171 - 210 (40page)

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The Changes and Implications in Korean Mental Health Act
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Abstract· Keywords

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The Mental Health Act 1995 is revised completely in 2016. The name of the Act is changed to Act on the Improvement Of Mental Health and the Support for Welfare Services for Mental Patients(hereinafter referred to as “the Act”). The core of the Act is involuntary admission. The article 24 in the Mental Health Act 1995 which stipulated involuntary admission by the nearest relatives and the mental health hospital directors was unconstitutional(unconformable to constitution) in September 2016. The article 24 in the Mental Health Act 1995 is revised to be the article 43 in the Act, which provides that involuntary admission by the nearest relatives and the mental health hospital directors is strictly restricted. The Mental Health and Welfare Act needs to improve the review bodies of involuntary admission. The review bodies in the Act is insufficient for independence and neutrality. The review bodies are in fact not judicial bodies but medical bodies and the review method is by document, not in face to face. The constitution and review method of the bodies is inconsistent with international rules of UN MI Principles and CRPD and it is outdated. This article surveys the history of involuntary admission through extension of space and time. The Mental Health Act 1995 in Korea originated in the France act concerning the insane 1838. In the 20th century, involuntary admission of mental health law succeeded the vagrancy law and lunacy law in Europe. The purpose of Involuntary admission was for public safety based on police power in the first half if 20th century and since that time its purpose focuses on treatment and welfare of the Mentally ill based on parens patriae power. Legal nature of the Mental Health Act 1995 in Korea was police law and involuntary admission is security measures of the potential mentally disordered offender. but the Mental Health and Welfare Act is for the welfare and human dignity of the mentally ill. This change in the goal of the Act is due to the participation of the mentally ill organizations and advocacy groups in the legislation process. The Act provides that the mentally ill have the self-determination right explicitly and have right to be heard implicitly on the demand of the participants in legislation.

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