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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
구범모 (서울대학교)
저널정보
한국서양사연구회 서양사연구 서양사연구 제59호
발행연도
2018.1
수록면
231 - 269 (39page)

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초록· 키워드

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The Russian Revolution of 1917 did not pass by Siberia, and Siberia fell into chaos. Under this circumstance, Siberia’s Regionalists, led by Grigori Nikolayevich Potanin, appeared at the front of the Siberian political stage. They opposed centralization and argued that Siberia should enjoy extensive autonomy as a historical unit, the ‘region. However, there are mixed views on the Regionalism movement. On the one hand, even though Regionalism failed due to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, it is argued that the idea itself had its own identity and influence. On the other hand, some argue that Regionalism failed not only because of socioeconomic situations, but also because of the ideology itself which did not have its own identity or influence. To understand the nature of the Regionalism movement and properly evaluate it, it is necessary to understand how major Regionalist such as Potanin actually acted after the Revolution. Potanin advocated Regionalism from the late 19th century to improve the backwardness of Siberia. He thought that Siberia should have its own independent Duma and enjoy extensive autonomy to solve this backwardness. To realize these reforms, he believed that it was necessary for the people of Siberia to realize their identity as a Siberian and their unique interests. After the Revolution, from May 1917, Potanin began his political career in Tomsk. He tried to establish the Siberian Regional Duma in various regional organizations. In this process, He criticized the Social Democratic Party and the Constitutional Democratic Party which seek centralization. This shows that he opposed centralization regardless of left and right, and that his regionalism had its own identity and was not just liberal elitism. This aspect is more evident in the fierce opposition of Potanin to Bolshevik. After the October Revolution, Potanin continued to work for the establishment of Siberian Regional Duma. However, his efforts were hampered by the Social Revolutionary Party, as it sought to establish the Regional Duma which exclude the bourgeoisie, considering the power of Bolshevik. Potanin opposed this, which illustrates the conservative position of Potanin’s Regionalism. From this period, however, only conservative elitism rather than considering of regional interests stood out in the Regionalism of Potanin. In 1918 the civil war started, and the Provisional Siberian Government, which was anti-Bolshevik government in West Siberia, was a regime that looked like Regionalist government but was actually seeking centralization. But Potanin actively defended this government. Later, after the Ufa meeting, the Provisional All-Russian Government was formed, which closed down the Regional Duma to remove the appearance of Regionalism. As such, the Provisional All-Russian Government became an apparently reactionary white military government, and Kolchak eventually took over the government through a coup. Kolchak was a character who had no consideration for Regionalism. But Potanin supported his government until the end of the Kolchak's regime. Right after the Revolution, Potanin tried to realize his own ideas of Regionalism by showing extraordinary consideration for regional interests. But with the civil war escalating and political forces polarizing, he gradually gave up consideration to the region which was the heart of Regionalism and stuck to conservative elitism. Given this, it is not surprising that Regionalism, which had lost its distinction from other forces, disappeared from historical stage with the collapse of the Kolchak's regime.
#Siberian Regionalism #Siberia #Potanin #Russian Revolution #Russian Civil War

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