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A Debate over Industrialization of Colonies in France and its Meaning: The Case of French Indochina in the 1930s
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프랑스의 식민지 산업화 논쟁과 그 의미-1930년대 인도차이나 식민지를 중심으로-

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
한국서양사학회 서양사론 서양사론 제140호 KCI Excellent Accredited Journal
Published
2019.1
Pages
138 - 169 (32page)

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A Debate over Industrialization of Colonies in France and its Meaning: The Case of French Indochina in the 1930s
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In the 1930s, the development of industries in colonies emerged as a crucial issue of French colonialism. The French policy of the time aimed at boosting the exportation of manufactured goods to colonies, as a way of helping metropolitan industries, hardly hit by the world economic crisis. Accordingly, it sought to restrict colonial productions to those of foodstuffs and industrial raw materials that were not produced by the mother country. However, in the late 1930s, a group of dissenters contested this economic policy, and advocated for active industrialization of colonies. Paul Bernard, the most influential proponent of this point of view, argued that the industrialization was essential to resolve social and economic problems of Indochina, such as overpopulation, chronic poverty, and difficulties in exporting agricultural products. For him, the relocation of declining industries to colonies was also beneficial to the development of French capitalism. Metropolitan industrialists, especially cotton manufacturers reacted violently to this idea of developing colonial economy at their own expense. Minister of Colonies, Marius Moutet also opposed the industrialization of Indochina but for different reasons; he feared that it would create discontented working classes, which will eventually threaten the social stability and the French colonial rule in Indochina. Thus, in the debate over industrialization of colonies in the 1930s, several ideas competed with each other attempting to find a way to overcome the crisis of French capitalism and colonialism. However, none of them presented any concrete plan to promote the growth of colonial economy while protecting the rights and interests of colonized people.
#colonialism #industrialization #Indochina #Paul Bernard #cotton industry

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