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Grace and Justice: Augustine's Political Theology in Light of His Doctrine of Justification
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은혜와 정의: 득의론 관점에서 본 아우구스티누스의 정치신학

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Academic journal
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Journal
한국조직신학회 한국조직신학논총 한국조직신학논총 제56호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.1
Pages
55 - 99 (45page)

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Grace and Justice: Augustine's Political Theology in Light of His Doctrine of Justification
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This essay attempts to explore Augustine’s political theology, focusing on his theory of justice as presented in City of God, Book 19. Augustine not only developed a unique concept of justice in critical dialogue with notable ancient Greek and Roman philosophers, but also seriously scrutinized the scriptural meaning of justice. In particular, Augustine often quoted Cicero, who famously defined justice as giving every person their due. For Augustine, this classical conception did not fully consider human beings’ ignorance as finite creatures and their weakness, indelible obstacles to achieving justice. In addition, Cicero defined the nature of the republic in light of his idea of justice. However, it ironically demonstrated that Rome had never been a just republic in the sense that its citizens did not give what is due to the one true God but worshipped multiple gods and goddesses. Moreover, and more significantly, if the God-human relationship is understood in light of Cicero’s notion of justice, one may conclude that humankind cannot avoid God’s wrathful judgement, because no one can make oneself righteous enough to satisfy God. In this regard, Augustine offered an alternative vision of justice in terms of the love of God and the love of neighbour as giving what is due to God and to other humans respectively. He further conceived of divine justice as God’s gracious righteousness, which heals broken sinners and makes them just. In short, by reinterpreting justice against the backdrop of the doctrine of justification, Augustine demonstrated that the concept of justice does not merely mean ‘to each one’s due’; he animated the justified sinners to practice forgiveness as an essential part of political activities in this violent world.

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