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The Greco-Roman Common Meal in 1 Corinthians: The Christian Eucharist in Light of the Thysia Sacrifice
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고린도전서에 나타난 그레코-로만의 공동 식사 -뛰시아(θυσία) 희생제의로 살펴본 그리스도교의 성찬-

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Jae Hyung Cho (케이씨(그리스도)대학교)
Journal
Institute of Korean Theological Information Network Service Canon&Culture Vol.13 No.2 (Wn.26) KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.10
Pages
281 - 311 (31page)
DOI
10.31280/CC.2019.10.13.2.281

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The Greco-Roman Common Meal in 1 Corinthians: The Christian Eucharist in Light of the Thysia Sacrifice
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Abstract· Keywords

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By using ‘history of ideas,’ this paper investigates the community meal of 1 Corinthians in the perspective of the sacred meal of Greco-Roman religion to trace the Christian Eucharist and its theology. Until now, J. J. Jeremias and many scholars have studies the Christian Eucharist (or the Lord’s supper) through the Jewish Passover tradition. Unlike them, Gregory Dix and Hans Lietzmann preferred Greco-Roman thought and sacrifice to the Passover origin. Dennis Smith, Matthias Klinghardt, Walter Burkert, and Sion Honea explain the New Testament Eucharistic stories in the Greco-Roman Sacred meal and thysia cult. The characteristics of the Greco-Roman meals were the reclining, the order of meals that led to deipnon and symposium, and libation that links the order. Through this, the people of the Greco-Roman culture created the community of koinonia, and a sense of friendship and equality to strengthen the solidarity and boundaries of the community. Because the sacred meal appears in the thysia of Greco-Roman, it explains well the Eucharist of 1 Corinthians that relates to eating.
All meals in the Greco-Roman period is connected with sacrifices. Among them the thysia that offers blood and meats of animals is important. In addition, after the thysia, all participants eat meals together, which always includes religious meanings. The thysia appears in full form in the work of Homer, and even in the Septuagint. The Hebrew Zeba is translated into thysia about 400 times, and 20 times in the New Testament. This indicates that the structure and meaning of thysia influenced not only the Old Testament, but also the New Testament. Paul distinguishes God’s thysia from demons’ thysia, and he compares them with a meal of Christianity and a meal of pagan cults as both sides of a coin. By doing so, he uses thysia for Christian Eucharist. In other words, substituting the meat of the idol(εἰδωλόθυτος) for the Eucharist that incorporates the unity of the community (koinonia), he embodies the koinonia of the blood of Christ and the koinonia of the body of Christ (10:16). In particular, Paul interprets the Lord’s supper in 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 from the background of Greco-Roman meal custom. That the Corinthian church was divided when they ate informs that they were division in the worship (v. 34). After their banquet, in the symposium, they practiced spiritual activities such as hymns and prayers. If the Corinthian church was assembled in a small house church, their worship would have been presente d in front of the dining table. At the dinner where bread and wine were served, they were able to participate in an equitable diet (deitos eises) and also had the same value of meal. Therefore, by interpreting Paul’s Eucharist through Greco-Roman meal custom and thysia, I believe that the enriched Eucharistic discourse can be created for the Christian identity and origin.

Contents

1. 들어가는 말
2. 선행 연구와의 비교
3. 그레코-로만의 식사관습과 뛰시아(θυσία) 희생제의
4. 고린도전서에 나타난 뛰시아(θυσία) 제의와 공동식사
5. 나가는 말
참고문헌
초록
Abstract

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2019-230-001285159