March 1st Independence Movement in Gaeseong

Lee Ji-won

doi:10.35865/YWH.2019.09.113.159

March 1st Independence Movement in Gaeseong

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개성의 3·1운동

Type: Academic journal

Author: Lee Ji-won (대림대학교)

Journal: The Organization Of Korean Historians YŎKSA WA HYŎNSIL : Quarterly Review of Korean History No.113 KCI Accredited Journals

Published: 2019.9

Pages: 159 - 189 (31page)

DOI: 10.35865/YWH.2019.09.113.159

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March 1st Independence Movement in Gaeseong

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This paper examined the March 1st Independence movement in Gaeseong which developed in March~April 1919. March 1st Independence movement in Gaeseong showed some characteristics as follows.
First, Gaeseong is the only area where the Declaration of Independence was pre-distributed in Gyeonggi Province on February 28. However, the protests did not take place on March 1st. It shows that no subjects were formed to carry out demonstrations on March 1st, showing that the distribution of the Declaration of Independence and the protests were not planned and organized in advance.
Second, the Declaration of Independence was distributed by women and the protesters began for the first time. Women who received modern education in Gaeseong mobilized women’s networks to distribute declarations of independence and organize protests. Through the March 1 movement, it is possible to confirm that the awakening of women’s awakening and activity as a social and political subject has also been demonstrated in the protests of Gaeseong. The historical experience of women becoming social subjects was reflected in the change of women’s representation of gender norms such as gender equality rights and women’s suffrage declaration in the Provisional Charter of the The Korean Provisional Government.
Third, the urban protests in the town were led by the students and young people growing up as new modern subjects. In the demonstration leadership of the students and the citizens, their own organization was formed. It is typical to organize ‘Korea Independent Society in Gaeseong’ centered on students at various schools in Gaeseong.
Fourth, in the end of March, the protests were spreading in the rural areas and the people became the leaders of the protests, and the people aimed at attacking the local government office and the military police station, which are the regional bases of Japanese colonial rule. And the demonstration system used a fighting method that destroyed the torch demonstration, the traditional protest since the peasant uprising in the late Joseon dynasty, and the modern infrastructure of the colonial rule.
Fifth, there was a struggle for overthrow by the resistance movement through commerce which is a daily economic activity. The merchants of Gaeseong, which had a tradition of distance from Political dominance, showed the political position of the March 1st Independence movement as a demonstration of the market closure. The demonstration of the market closure struggle took place in the shop of Namdaemun in Gaeseong, the big merchant joined the small merchants. This shows that trust and communication existed between the big merchant and the small merchants of Gaeseong, and the merchants’ common sympathy for the independence movement was wide.

#개성 #여성 주도 시위 #학생 청년 #횃불시위 #철시투쟁 #Gaeseong #women-led protest #students and young people #torch demonstration #market closure demonstration

머리말
1. 개성군의 3·1운동 전개 개황
2. 여성들의 독립선언서 배포와 첫 만세 시위
3. 학생과 시민들이 주도한 도시 시위
4. 농민들의 참여와 농촌시위
5. 개성상인들의 철시시위
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참고문헌
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경기도사편찬위원회 / 2006 / 경기도사 제7권 / 경기도사편찬위원회

국사편찬위원회 / 1966 / 한국독립운동사 2

국사편찬위원회 / 1991 / 韓民族獨立運動史資料集 15

김정인 / 2009 / 한국독립운동의 역사 19(국내 3･1운동Ⅰ) / 독립기념관

독립운동사편찬위원회 / 1971 / 독립운동사 2. 3･1운동사 상

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