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This study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin on bone metabolism in ovariectomizedrats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-operated (SHAM),ovariectomized control (OVX), alendronate (OVX+ALEN, 10 mg/kg body weight/d), low silkfibroin (OVX+SF100, 100 mg/kg body weight/d), and high silk fibroin (OVX+SF300, 300 mg/kgbody weight/d) groups. All the rats were fed by gavage for 12 wk. At the end of 12 wk, bloodand urine were collected for analysis of bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density(BMD) was measured by micro-computed tomography. The results show that the OVX group(p < 0.05) displayed the highest mean body weight gain. Among the five groups, serumlevels of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urine levels of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) werehighest in the OVX group (p < 0.05). Bone ALP levels in the ALEN group were significantlylower than that of the silk-treated groups. On the other hand, DPD levels were not significantlydifferent between the ALEN and silk-fibroin-treated groups (p < 0.05). The trabecular BMDwas significantly higher in the ALEN and silk-treated groups compared to the OVX group (p< 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that silk fibroin has similar effects as alendronate,which is used in osteoporosis medication. Therefore silk fibroin might be a new candidate forthe prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients

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