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Lactococcus lactis A164 is a nisin Z-producingstrain isolated from kimchi. Its antimicrobial spectrum hasbeen found to be active against most Gram-positive bacteriatested, yet inactive against Gram-negative bacteria [3].Accordingly, to overcome this drawback, the current studyattempted to express human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1), which killsboth Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in L. lactisA164. When the hBD-1 cDNA was introduced using a nisinZ-controlled expression cassette, the L. lactis A164 transformantsgrew very poorly, due to the bactericidal effect of the expressedhBD-1 against the transformants. Therefore, a gene fusionsystem was designed to reduce the toxicity of the expressedheterologous protein against the host cells. As such, thehBD-1 gene was fused to the DsbC-Tag of pET-40b(+), thenintroduced to L. lactis A164. The transformants expressedan intracellular 35.6-kDa DsbC-hBD-1 fusion protein thatexhibited slight activity against the host cells, yet not enoughto strongly inhibit the cell growth. To obtain the recombinanthBD-1, the DsbC-hBD-1 fusion protein was purified bynickel-affinity column chromatography, and the DsbC-Tagremoved by cleaving with enterokinase. The cleaved maturehBD-1 exhibited strong bactericidal activity against E. coliJM109, indicating that the recombinant L. lactis A164 produceda biologically active hBD-1. In addition, the recombinant L.lactis A164 was also found to produce the same level of nisinZ as the wild-type.

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