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Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokinesincluding TGF-β that has potent regulatory effects on cells ofthe immune system. We compared the levels of TGF-β1 andTGF-β2 in bovine and human colostrum. Based on theisoform-specific ELISA, bovine colostrum collected on day 1post-delivery retained 53.71±29.55 ng/ml of TGF-β1 and40.41±21.78 μg/ml of TGF-β2 (n=4), while in human, 381.45±158.24 ng/ml of TGF-β1 and 41.47±9.63 ng/ml of TGF-β2(n=5). Thus, dominant TGF-β isoforms were completelyopposite between human and bovine colostrum samples. Theconcentrations of both isoforms declined as lactation proceeded.Biological activities of the colostrum samples were determinedusing an MV1LU cell line. Consistent with the result from theimmunoassay, TGF-β1 in human and TGF-β2 in bovinecolostrum were responsible for the antiproliferative activityagainst MV1LU cells. Furthermore, bovine colostrum increasedIgA secretion by LPS-stimulated mesenteric lymph node(MLN) cells, and this effect was abrogated by either anti-TGF-β2 antibody or combined anti-TGF-β1/β2 antibody, butnot by anti-TGF-β1 antibody alone. Similarly, TGF-β2 in bovinecolostrum enhanced the Ig germ line (GL) promoter activity,which is the earliest event toward IgA isotype switching.Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-β isoforms,differentially expressed in human and bovine colostrum, maypromote IgA isotype production in the neonatal intestine.

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