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저널정보: 고려대학교 법학연구원 고려법학 고려법학 제51호

발행연도: 2008.1

수록면: 373 - 406 (34page)

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Throughout most of human history, humanity faced a threat not from obesity but from a clear and present danger of starvation. But for the past several years lawsuits brought against fast-food chains by plaintiffs suffering from obesity-related illnesses have been the subject of considerable discussion in the popular press and of more discussion by legal commentators. The tort system can compensate for the lack of individual knowledge by modifying corporate behavior in legislative ways and nonlegislative ways. In Pelman case we considered whether McDonald's marketing behavior was fraudulent and deceptive business practicesa and was negligent in failing to warn consumers of obesity-related illnesses hazard. We found that advertisements urging consumers to eat the products are mere puffery. The open and obvious danger defense has also been rejected where risk-utility tests are applicable. Under risk- utility test, consumer knowledge and expectation wil be at most one factor in the court's analysis. The risk-utility test is the better theory for fast-food plaintiffs faced with an open-obvious danger defense as in Pelman. A Product is defective in design when the foreseeable risks of harm posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by the adoption of a reasonable alternative design and the omission of the alternative design renders the product not safe. A broad range offactors may be considered in determining whether an alternative design is reasonable and whether its omission renders a product not resonably safe. Reduction in fat, in particular harmful fats, could be accomplished in several ways. For example manufactors produce fast-food with a change in cooking oils and in smaller portion sizes. Fast-food product may be found defective in design, so as to subject a manufacturer to strict liability for resulting injures, if the plaintiff demonstrates that the product's design proximately caused his injury and the defendent fails to establish, in light of the relevant factors, that, on balance, the benefits of the challenged design outweigh the risk of danger inherent in such design.

Throughout most of human history, humanity faced a threat not from obesity but from a clear and present danger of starvation. But for the past several years lawsuits brought against fast-food chains by plaintiffs suffering from obesity-related illnesses have been the subject of considerable discussion in the popular press and of more discussion by legal commentators. The tort system can compensate for the lack of individual knowledge by modifying corporate behavior in legislative ways and nonlegislative ways. In Pelman case we considered whether McDonald's marketing behavior was fraudulent and deceptive business practicesa and was negligent in failing to warn consumers of obesity-related illnesses hazard. We found that advertisements urging consumers to eat the products are mere puffery. The open and obvious danger defense has also been rejected where risk-utility tests are applicable. Under risk- utility test, consumer knowledge and expectation wil be at most one factor in the court's analysis. The risk-utility test is the better theory for fast-food plaintiffs faced with an open-obvious danger defense as in Pelman. A Product is defective in design when the foreseeable risks of harm posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by the adoption of a reasonable alternative design and the omission of the alternative design renders the product not safe. A broad range offactors may be considered in determining whether an alternative design is reasonable and whether its omission renders a product not resonably safe. Reduction in fat, in particular harmful fats, could be accomplished in several ways. For example manufactors produce fast-food with a change in cooking oils and in smaller portion sizes. Fast-food product may be found defective in design, so as to subject a manufacturer to strict liability for resulting injures, if the plaintiff demonstrates that the product's design proximately caused his injury and the defendent fails to establish, in light of the relevant factors, that, on balance, the benefits of the challenged design outweigh the risk of danger inherent in such design.

#패스트 푸드 #비만 #Pelman사안 #제조물책임 #소비자기대기준 #위험-효용기준 #과실 #엄책책임 #공개되어 명백한 위험의 원칙 #상당인과관계 #제조물책임법 제2조 #설계상 결함 #식약청 #소비자보호원 #FDA #fast food #obesity #product liability #consumer expectation test #risk-utility test #negligence #strict liability #open and obvious #proximate cause #design defect

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참고문헌 신청

/ /

/ 2007 / 製造物責任の解說 3訂版 / 一橋出版

A. L. I. / 1997 / Restatement of The Law Third Tort, Product Liability, As Adopted and Promulgated / The American Law Institute

A.L.I. / 1995 / Restatement of (Third) of Torts: Product Liability Tentative Draft No.2

Ali H. Mokdad / 2004 / Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2002, 291 JAMA 1238

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