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Justification of Decriminalizing Abortion : Legal Issue and Direction of the Abortion Rights
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낙태죄 ’폐지’를 말하는 이유

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim, Jeong-Hye (한국여성정책연구원)
Journal
KOREA WOMENS STUDIES INSTITUTE Issues in Feminism Vol.19 No.1
Published
2019.04
Pages
3 - 49 (47page)
DOI
10.21287/iif.2019.4.19.1.3

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Justification of Decriminalizing Abortion : Legal Issue and Direction of the Abortion Rights
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Abstract· Keywords

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In South Korea, most cases of abortion had been considered illegal. Government criminalized abortion to justify the morality and has not punished women who have committed abortion to bridge the gap between the law and reality. Meanwhile, anti-abortion law has negative impacts on women’s health and practical normative power. Women had to take care of themselves, having no support or interest from government. The anti-abortion law has long been criticized for allowing abortion only under exceptional circumstances. In the meanwhile, jurisprudence has defined abortion as a conflict between the fetus’ right of life and a pregnant woman’s right of self-determination. In such conflict, the issue of abortion has not been fully discussed because the fetus’ right of life has been considered more significant.
Recently, however, social awareness of abortion rights is undergoing a qualitative change. The Constitutional Court ruled the criminalization of abortion unconstitutional as of April 11th, 2019. Additionally, among the civil societies, not only the request to mitigate restriction but also calls for the abolition of anti-abortion law, the guarantee of reproductive rights, and the realization of reproductive justice are rising. After this decision, anti-abortion law must be revised by the end of 2020.
This article criticized the Korean anti-abortion law for the reasons that the fetus’s right of life is over-emphasized, that the reason for abortion is narrow and time period is short, that all pregnancies are considered within the marriage relationship, that the punishment of women depends on a third party, and that the reason of abortion and the duration of pregnancy cannot be objectively demonstrated. I looked into the critical points of alternatives that have been discussed for revising anti-abortion law so far: social and economic reasons, trimester limitations, prohibition of postviability abortion, procedural requirements, and third-party(spouse or parents) consent requirements. Then I insisted the need of complete decriminalization of abortion and guarantee abortion rights.
Finally, I argued that the government should change the direction of abortion policy to safe abortion, reducing unwanted pregnancy, and ensuring women’s health from criminalization of abortion, also should observe the principle that ‘government should admit women’s right to decide and support safe abortion for the right to bodily integrity and reproductive health of women’.

Contents

국문초록
1. 들어가며
2. 임신중단권의 법적 근거와 내용
3. 「모자보건법」의 인공임신중절수술 허용 요건의 한계
4. 임신중단권 보장의 주요 쟁점
5. 임신중단권 보장의 방향
참고문헌
Abstract

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2019-337-000718588