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This article aims to explore Marsilius of Padua`s criticism of Pope and church power. The struggle between Pope and emperor over the Middle Ages led to the political turbulence of Western Europe for hundreds of years. In this situation, Marsilius criticized the Pope"s secular power, and he completely denied the authority of the Pope`s claim to secular power, and he demanded that Church should obey secular authority. His thoughts are well reflected in his major work, Defendor pacis(Defender of peace). He claimed that it was the power of Pope and his Church to disturb the peace, namely the purpose of nation.
He saw that all power came from God, but that God had placed the work of the human world under the responsibility of man himself. He made a radical argument to change the workings of the divine law to the afterlife. He can be said to have made theology the handmaiden of political philosophy, given that he gave the nation the authority man had previously given to the Pope and the Vatican. But what should not be mistaken is that he was not a non-christian liberal thinker who rejected Christianity. His ideas and his whole political theory were embedded in the belief and spirit of the Middle Ages of Christianity.
At the center of his political theory lies the legitimacy of civic representatives and the law. The basis of these two concepts is the will of the citizen as a whole(universitas civium). This is the only reason to fear the law, elect a representative and fire him again. With this, he established the ideology of Civil Sovereignty. Although he did not abandon his christian faith, he preoccupied modernity by criticizing the pope and church power and by positioning the church in the oder of the secular world more strongly than Reformer Martin Luther.
He saw that all power came from God, but that God had placed the work of the human world under the responsibility of man himself. He made a radical argument to change the workings of the divine law to the afterlife. He can be said to have made theology the handmaiden of political philosophy, given that he gave the nation the authority man had previously given to the Pope and the Vatican. But what should not be mistaken is that he was not a non-christian liberal thinker who rejected Christianity. His ideas and his whole political theory were embedded in the belief and spirit of the Middle Ages of Christianity.
At the center of his political theory lies the legitimacy of civic representatives and the law. The basis of these two concepts is the will of the citizen as a whole(universitas civium). This is the only reason to fear the law, elect a representative and fire him again. With this, he established the ideology of Civil Sovereignty. Although he did not abandon his christian faith, he preoccupied modernity by criticizing the pope and church power and by positioning the church in the oder of the secular world more strongly than Reformer Martin Luther.
목차
I. 들어가는 말
II. 마르실리우스 파도바의 생애와 『평화의 옹호자』의 역사적 맥락
III. 『평화의 옹호자』에 나타난 국가와 법
IV. 국가와 교회 관계의 재정립
V. 나가는 말
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