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How did the quantitative method have came to dominate the American sociology?
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양적 방법은 미국사회학을 어떻게 지배하게 되었나?

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Lee, Ki-Hong (강원대학교)
Journal
Korean Society for Social Theory Society and Theory Vol.32
Published
2018.05
Pages
7 - 60 (54page)
DOI
10.17209/st.2018.05.32.7

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How did the quantitative method have came to dominate the American sociology?
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Abstract· Keywords

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In sociology, the importance and centrality of quantification and quantitative methods are no longer controversial, and the use of mathematical and statistical methods has become normal and been established as the standard of scientificity. Though the domination of quantitative methods in sociology was counted as the result of positivism, The continuation of it in today when the positivism had collapsed means that positivism had been directly accompanied by quantification and quantitative research. This paper traces the process of establishing the dominance of quantitative method in American sociology that led the development of sociology in the first half of the 20C. Unlike Europe, in which sociology had emerged from and competed with philosophy, in America sociology had been institutionalized as a university department before it’s identity was established and began to respond to the demands of solving social problems. In addition, to competing with natural sciences in university, the tradition of ‘scientism’ had been formed that relied on the use of quantified empirical research and statistical methods as the hallmark of science. This tradition had become the mainstream of sociology by the supports of the private foundations that, in the name of ‘realistic studies’, demanded for sociology to be social engineering, social technology. And, the command of wartime mobilization system that called on social sciences, including sociology, to serve to win the war and boost ‘the national morale’ and the massive funding from the Cold War regime that called for contributions to ‘national security’ have made establish the dominance of quantification and quantitative methods, those represent the identity of sociology. In short, determinant of the dominance of quantitative methods is the significant research money flooded into sociology which demanded for to be the ‘scientific’ sociology as ‘social engineering’ and ‘social technology’ for prediction, intervention and control. The conquest of the quantitative methods in American sociology can be called political success, but it would be evaluated as an intellectual failure in that it resulted in the ‘public marginalization’ of American sociology.
#수량화 #양적 방법 #통계적 분석 #과학주의 #사회공학 #주류 사회학 #quantification #quantitative methods #statistical analysis #scientism #social engineering #mainstream sociology

Contents

[국문요약]
Ⅰ. 들어가며
Ⅱ. “절반은 우연(half an accident)”
Ⅲ. “현실적인 연구 (realistic studies)”
Ⅳ. ‘국민의 사기(national morale)’
Ⅴ. ‘국가 안보 (national security)’
Ⅵ. 맺는 말
참고문헌
[Abstract]

References (94)

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[단행본] - Abbott, A. / 2007 / Hot War, Cold War: The structures of sociological action, 1940–1955 : 282 ~ 313 google schola [학술지(정기간행물)] - Ahmad, S / 1991 / American foundations and the development of the social sciences between the wars / Sociology 25 (3) : 511 ~ 520 google schola [단행본] - Amadae, S. M. / 2003 / Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism / University of Chicago Press google schola [학술지(정기간행물)] - Aronova, E / 2017 / Recent trends in the historiography of science in the Cold War / Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 47 (4) : 568 ~ 577 google schola [단행본] - Bailey, K. D / 2007 / 21st Century Sociology: A Reference Handbook / Sage : 108 ~ 117 google schola

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2018-330-002223181