과학기술계 출연 연구기관(이하 출연연)은 국가 경제발전 및 과학기술 발전을 위해 다양한 연구 사업을 수행해 왔으며 지속적으로 연구 성과를 도출해 오고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 출연연의 연구 성과들을 출연연들이 수행하는 주요사업과 정부수탁 사업으로 구분하여 차이가 있음을 살펴보았다. 또 사업별로 연구 성과들에 대한 영향 요인들을 파악하고 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 연구 수행을 위해 NTIS에 등록된 과학기술정보통신부 산하 24개 출연연의 주요사업 과제 500개와 정부수탁사업 과제 1,013개, 총 1,513개 과제를 분석하였고 주요사업과 정부수탁 사업에서 수행하는 과제의 연구 성과의 차이는 T-test, 사업별 영향요인 분석은 다중회귀분석을 통해 파악하였다. 연구모형에 사용된 종속변수는 SCI논문편수와 국내외 특허출원 건수, 기술료 수입으로 선행 연구들에서도 연구 성과를 측정하는 종속변수로 다수 활용되었다. 독립변수의 경우 연구비 변수에서는 과제 총 연구비의 경우 몇몇 선행연구에서 활용되었으나 총 연구비를 인건비, 직접비, 간접비로 세분화한 경우는 거의 없었다. 기타 더미변수로 활용하여 연구 성과 요인으로 활용한 연구유형 변수와 연구협력 변수를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 출연연에서 주요사업 과제들이 정부수탁 사업으로 수행하는 과제들에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 SCI논문 편수와 국내외 특허 출원 건수가 더 높게 나타났다. 하지만 기술료 수입의 경우에는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 사업별 연구 성과에 대한 영향요인 분석에서는 통계적으로 유의한 변수들만 고려하였다. 인건비를 제외한 모든 변수들은 사업별, 종속변수별로 일관된 결과를 나타내지는 않았다. 하지만 인건비의 경우에는 주요사업의 기술료 수입을 제외하고 모든 종속변수에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 출연연이 수행하는 사업별 성과들을 비교하고 성과들에 대한 영향요인을 파악해 본 것에 의미가 있다. 이것은 출연연 내부 및 정부 정책입안자들에게 출연연과 관련된 예산 등 정책수립에 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또 향후 출연연 연구 성과와 관련한 지속적인 연구의 필요성을 제기했다는데 의의가 있을 것이다.
The public research institute, which has taken place in the science and technology field, has been carrying out various research projects for national economic development and science and technology development, and continuously developing research performances. This study examined the performances of the public research institute by distinguishing between the primary research program and the government entrusted research. And this study analyzed the factors affecting research performances by business. In this study, 500 primary research program projects and 1,013 government entrusted research projects of 24 public research institutes registered in NTIS were analyzed. Differences of research performances between primary research program and the government entrusted research project were identified by the T-test and the analysis of the factors affecting the research performance by projects was grasped through multiple regression analysis. The dependent variables used in the research model are the number of SCI papers, the number of domestic and foreign patent applications, and the royalty income. In the case of the independent variable, the total research expenses for the research expenses variable was used in some previous studies, but the total research expenses was not subdivided into personnel expenses, direct expenses, and overhead expenses. Other types of dummy variables were used as research type variables and research collaboration variables. As a result of the analysis, the number of SCI papers and domestic and foreign patent applications were higher in the primary research program projects at a statistically significant level, which were obtained from the government and self-designed and performed in the public research institute, than government entrusted research projects. However, it was not statistically significant in terms of royalty income. In analyzing the factors affecting research performance by project, only statistically significant variables were considered. All variables except personnel expenses did not show consistent results by business and dependent variables. However, in the case of personnel expenses, it affects all the dependent variables positively, except for the royalty income of Primary research program. This study is meaningful in comparing the performances of the projects conducted by the public research institute and determining the factors influencing the research outcomes. And this study can provide implications for the managers of public research institute and government policymakers in budgeting and other policies related to the public research institute. Lastly, there is a suggestion that the public research institute has raised the necessity of continuous research in relation to its research performances. Limitations of this study and future research projects are as follows. First, it is important to keep track of how to measure and analyze the performance of public performances in the future and how to utilize secondary performance as a research performance, in addition to the primary achievements of papers and patents research is needed. Second, in the case of royalty income, if earnings are considered from 2 ~ 3 years after the end of the project, it is thought that statistically significant results will be obtained. Third, it would be meaningful to analyze by institution according to technical characteristics. Fourth, it would be meaningful to perform the time series analysis by expanding the task to be analyzed from a specific time point to a specific time period. The public research institute should also play a leading role in solving social problems such as problem solving of fine dust problems and new and renewable energy technology problems in the era of de-nuclear, as well as creating future food through advanced technology development.