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초록· 키워드
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Examined in this article is the myth of “Jumong” who founded Goguryeo, as described inside the Dongmyeong epic[東明王篇] authored by Yi Gyu-bo(李奎報) in the latter half period of Goryeo. The examination is focused upon the story of Jumong’s mother Liuhwa and the fisherman Gang’ryeog-buchu. Using astronomical information and methods of historical phonology, the story is newly interpreted in this article as a folk tale regarding constellations depicted in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bun’ya Jido, the Celestial planisphere map carved on a stone slab.
The political faction which founded Goguryeo needed to magnify the holy nature of the king, so when they were creating the tale in the 1st and 2nd centuries, they established Jumong’s mother Liuhwa as the yellow dragon which was known to have been giving births to kings (according to ancient philosophies), and also designated it as the Heon’weon star, the Star of the Mother. In the tale, Liuhwa is described as a beast swimming in the lake with a scary face, and she basically is a dragon. The scene in which she was caught while sitting on a stone is described with the letter ‘䂳,’ which is basically comprised of two letters meaning ‘sit’ and ‘stone,’ and seems related to the concept of ‘雌黃(orpiment),’ which would mean a yellow female, pointing at the fact that Liuhwa was a yellow dragon as well as a mother. The scene in which Liuhwa’s lips had to be cut three times because it was too long is described with ‘柳’ next to Heon’weon, which features a figure with a three-sectioned beak of a bird.
Inside the tale, fisherman Gang’ryeog Buchu tried to capture Liuhwa, which had been eating a fish inside a fish trap, but the trap ripped, so he had to throw an iron net to catch her. This tale was fabricated during the Dong-Han(東漢) period, so the Chinese letters used in it should all be read in Old Chinese. The ‘Buchu(扶鄒 [<SUP>*</SUP>patsru]) section of his name, which seems to be referring to a fence surrounding the fish trap, should be pronounced as “baja.” In the meantime, Gang’ryeog(强力 [<SUP>*</SUP>ɡaŋrɯɡ]) means ‘strong,’ and seems to be referring to another word with a similar pronunciation, Goru(庫樓[<SUP>*</SUP>khagro]). The Gogo(庫庫) stars in the sky are stretched in the form of a fence, and surrounds one ‘衡’ star and five ‘柱’ stars. The former (衡[<SUP>*</SUP>graŋ]) shares a similar pronunciation with ‘龍[<SUP>*</SUP>groŋ],’ and the letter five(五, [<SUP>*</SUP>ŋa]) have a sound similar to ‘魚[<SUP>*</SUP>ŋa],’ the fish. These stars, surrounded by a constellation in the sky, seem to be symbolizing a yellow dragon and some fishes inside the fish trap. And several stars(張, 翼, 軫) at the side of Goru(庫樓) resembles a ripped trap, while Gibu(器府) seems like a strong iron trap.
As we can see, the story of Liuhwa and Gang’ryeog Buchu in the Dongmyeong epic could be reconstructed and newly interpreted as a constellation tale.
The political faction which founded Goguryeo needed to magnify the holy nature of the king, so when they were creating the tale in the 1st and 2nd centuries, they established Jumong’s mother Liuhwa as the yellow dragon which was known to have been giving births to kings (according to ancient philosophies), and also designated it as the Heon’weon star, the Star of the Mother. In the tale, Liuhwa is described as a beast swimming in the lake with a scary face, and she basically is a dragon. The scene in which she was caught while sitting on a stone is described with the letter ‘䂳,’ which is basically comprised of two letters meaning ‘sit’ and ‘stone,’ and seems related to the concept of ‘雌黃(orpiment),’ which would mean a yellow female, pointing at the fact that Liuhwa was a yellow dragon as well as a mother. The scene in which Liuhwa’s lips had to be cut three times because it was too long is described with ‘柳’ next to Heon’weon, which features a figure with a three-sectioned beak of a bird.
Inside the tale, fisherman Gang’ryeog Buchu tried to capture Liuhwa, which had been eating a fish inside a fish trap, but the trap ripped, so he had to throw an iron net to catch her. This tale was fabricated during the Dong-Han(東漢) period, so the Chinese letters used in it should all be read in Old Chinese. The ‘Buchu(扶鄒 [<SUP>*</SUP>patsru]) section of his name, which seems to be referring to a fence surrounding the fish trap, should be pronounced as “baja.” In the meantime, Gang’ryeog(强力 [<SUP>*</SUP>ɡaŋrɯɡ]) means ‘strong,’ and seems to be referring to another word with a similar pronunciation, Goru(庫樓[<SUP>*</SUP>khagro]). The Gogo(庫庫) stars in the sky are stretched in the form of a fence, and surrounds one ‘衡’ star and five ‘柱’ stars. The former (衡[<SUP>*</SUP>graŋ]) shares a similar pronunciation with ‘龍[<SUP>*</SUP>groŋ],’ and the letter five(五, [<SUP>*</SUP>ŋa]) have a sound similar to ‘魚[<SUP>*</SUP>ŋa],’ the fish. These stars, surrounded by a constellation in the sky, seem to be symbolizing a yellow dragon and some fishes inside the fish trap. And several stars(張, 翼, 軫) at the side of Goru(庫樓) resembles a ripped trap, while Gibu(器府) seems like a strong iron trap.
As we can see, the story of Liuhwa and Gang’ryeog Buchu in the Dongmyeong epic could be reconstructed and newly interpreted as a constellation tale.
목차
머리말
1. 돌에 앉은 유화(柳花)
2. 찢어진 그물과 쇠그물
3. 강력부추(强力扶鄒)라는 이름
4. 고루(庫樓) 바자 안의 용(龍)
맺음말
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