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Most of Buddhist orders in modern Japan was leaning towards nationalism in process of the establishment of a Japanese state. That was already expected, when Buddhist circles had been subjugated to Shinto(神道) as a national religion to legitimize the Emperor system. This paper is a study on wartime doctrines of Jodo Shinshu(淨土眞宗) that is the most influential order in Japan.
The problem on wartime doctrines of Jodo Shinshu for the period of militarism and fascism ultimately boils down to a dogma of Sinzokunitai(眞俗二諦) that was established in modern ages. This Sinzokunitai based on Ohobuppo(王法佛法) as one of modern doctrines changed to the system of a Oho(王法)-dominated life. Oho means the way one’s country is being governed, and Buppo(佛法) means the teachings of Buddha. This was derived from the already established power structure of Hoshu(法主), the Chief leader of order. Close relatives of Hoshu were related to families of the then Japanese emperor.
The teachings of spiritualism also derived from modern doctrines and based on Sukh?vat? belief(極樂淨土信仰) led to serious consequences that rejected good moral judgment like right and wrong in real life. The extremely ideological and subjective view of the world let most of believers lose powers to take in arms against unethical policies compelled by the government.
Eventually, these wartime doctrines resulted in the distortion of doctrines of Jodo Shinshu. That is, believers equated the Japanese emperor with Amit yus (阿彌陀). Even these doctrines degenerated into distorted ones in which the teachings of Buddha must follow as ordered by emperor. The distorted concept of life and death based on traditional doctrines of Jodo Shinshu also let believers follow the national cause, and became the logic behind politics of war with the distortion of a doctrine of an?tman(無我) that is a important one of Mah?y?na Buddhism.
This writer hope that believers of Buddhist circles put the past behind them by this study, and have a greater opportunity to discuss how to establish the sound relationship between religion and politics.
The problem on wartime doctrines of Jodo Shinshu for the period of militarism and fascism ultimately boils down to a dogma of Sinzokunitai(眞俗二諦) that was established in modern ages. This Sinzokunitai based on Ohobuppo(王法佛法) as one of modern doctrines changed to the system of a Oho(王法)-dominated life. Oho means the way one’s country is being governed, and Buppo(佛法) means the teachings of Buddha. This was derived from the already established power structure of Hoshu(法主), the Chief leader of order. Close relatives of Hoshu were related to families of the then Japanese emperor.
The teachings of spiritualism also derived from modern doctrines and based on Sukh?vat? belief(極樂淨土信仰) led to serious consequences that rejected good moral judgment like right and wrong in real life. The extremely ideological and subjective view of the world let most of believers lose powers to take in arms against unethical policies compelled by the government.
Eventually, these wartime doctrines resulted in the distortion of doctrines of Jodo Shinshu. That is, believers equated the Japanese emperor with Amit yus (阿彌陀). Even these doctrines degenerated into distorted ones in which the teachings of Buddha must follow as ordered by emperor. The distorted concept of life and death based on traditional doctrines of Jodo Shinshu also let believers follow the national cause, and became the logic behind politics of war with the distortion of a doctrine of an?tman(無我) that is a important one of Mah?y?na Buddhism.
This writer hope that believers of Buddhist circles put the past behind them by this study, and have a greater opportunity to discuss how to establish the sound relationship between religion and politics.
목차
Ⅰ. 시작하는 말
Ⅱ. 전시교학의 연구동향
Ⅲ. 정토진종의 전시교학
Ⅳ. 전시교학과 파시즘 및 군국주의
Ⅴ. 맺는 말
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2014-800-000806896