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This study analyzes the land reform theories that emerged in Korea and Vietnam during the 19th century, as well as the conflicts and confrontations that surrounded such land reforms. While there were some similarities between the two countries, there were also significant differences. These differences were closely related to the disparities in terms of the land system-related institutions and customs of the two countries.
In Korea, an exclusive landownership system similar to the modem style of landownership had already been established by this point. The purchase and sale of land was freely carried out. As a result, Korea did not have any customs or institutions related to the demand for land reforms. Meanwhile, under the state land system that fundamentally defined the land structure in Vietnam, public lands were regularly redistributed in a manner proportionate to the number of people within a family. The purchase and sale of land were prohibited. Some of the public lands were allocated in accordance with the needs of poor village people. The rent earned from public lands was used to help the poor residents pay for their taxes, or was used to support widows and orphans who were unable to farm, In addition, certain public lands were used to secure the expenses needed to cover the costs of public events such as festivals and ritual ceremonies.
These institutions and customs led the Vietnamese farmers to establish a culture and normative values that were different from those of Korean farmers. The regular redistribution of land on a regional basis every three or six years, and the fact that the state land system was designed to help people suffering from poverty, led to the emergence of equalitarian desires amongst poor farmers who were deprived of their land after the introduction of "modem legal practices," and spurred their desire to resist against the prevailing situation on the ground. This radical reinterpretation on the part of the farmers lends itself to the conclusion that this structure in fact served as an important reason for the emergence of full-scale demands for land reform.
In Korea, an exclusive landownership system similar to the modem style of landownership had already been established by this point. The purchase and sale of land was freely carried out. As a result, Korea did not have any customs or institutions related to the demand for land reforms. Meanwhile, under the state land system that fundamentally defined the land structure in Vietnam, public lands were regularly redistributed in a manner proportionate to the number of people within a family. The purchase and sale of land were prohibited. Some of the public lands were allocated in accordance with the needs of poor village people. The rent earned from public lands was used to help the poor residents pay for their taxes, or was used to support widows and orphans who were unable to farm, In addition, certain public lands were used to secure the expenses needed to cover the costs of public events such as festivals and ritual ceremonies.
These institutions and customs led the Vietnamese farmers to establish a culture and normative values that were different from those of Korean farmers. The regular redistribution of land on a regional basis every three or six years, and the fact that the state land system was designed to help people suffering from poverty, led to the emergence of equalitarian desires amongst poor farmers who were deprived of their land after the introduction of "modem legal practices," and spurred their desire to resist against the prevailing situation on the ground. This radical reinterpretation on the part of the farmers lends itself to the conclusion that this structure in fact served as an important reason for the emergence of full-scale demands for land reform.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 조선의 “근대지향적”토지개혁론
Ⅲ. 베트남 옹우옌(阮)왕조의 토지정책과 근대적 개혁
Ⅳ. “근대지향적” 토지개혁을 둘러싼 갈등과 대립
Ⅴ. 맺음말
[참고문헌]
[Abstract]
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