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This paper attempts to understand Shiren(士人) including the local officials staying away from home(Jizhu, 寄住) and their land holding in the latter half of the Tang(唐) Dynasty.
In traditional China, there was a belief of "considering the settlement as comfortable while regarding the moving with caution"(安土重遷) However, the AnLushan(安祿山) rebellion forced some people to leave their native villages in the northern China to settle a newl place in the ChangJiang(長江) region. Others voluntarily moved their residence to this region in order to avoid taxation and corvee. And the system of examination and bureaucracy expedited them to stay away from home. As times went, some of them became a new kind of the landlords in the newly settled areas. The Tang government categorized them as Jizhuhu(寄住戶).
Jizhuhu originally came within the category of Kehu(客戶). It underwent a change as Jizhuhu established a large landed properties, the so-called Jizhuang(寄莊), Zhuangyuan(莊園), Bieye(別業), through land-accumulation in the newly settled village, and became a landlord in that area. In addition to this well-known definition of Bieye, I observe a unnoticed factor inherent in Bieye which brought change in the character of the landlord in village in the late Tang period. If an owner of the Bieye settled down in the place of Bieye, he would have lost the base in his original village and he would have needed to establish a new relations with the village society in which located his Bieye. Even if he continued to stay at his new village, he could not manage his Bieye for the time with an established way for the original great estates(舊業) in his native village. Under this circumstance, the landlord in village manipulated his situation in favour of his necessity. As a result, land was managed by a contract, and tenants witnessed their position arising.
Of course, there were a lot of difficulties and troubles for jizhuhu to settle down in a new place. Fortunately, the development of the ChangJiang area through irrigation(漑田) in the late Tang period boosted the possibility of jizhuhu's settlement in that area. In this process, Jizhuhu took the initiative to develop ChangJiang area. In due course, they became the landlord class there. We find a typical example in the case of YuanJie(元結) who reclaimed deserted land to a Jizhuhu,
Eventually, rapid increase in the number of Jizhuhu in the ChangJiang area not only transformed the management style of land but also stimulated the change in the nature of the landlords. Now the landlords became less involved in the village society where their land located than before.
In traditional China, there was a belief of "considering the settlement as comfortable while regarding the moving with caution"(安土重遷) However, the AnLushan(安祿山) rebellion forced some people to leave their native villages in the northern China to settle a newl place in the ChangJiang(長江) region. Others voluntarily moved their residence to this region in order to avoid taxation and corvee. And the system of examination and bureaucracy expedited them to stay away from home. As times went, some of them became a new kind of the landlords in the newly settled areas. The Tang government categorized them as Jizhuhu(寄住戶).
Jizhuhu originally came within the category of Kehu(客戶). It underwent a change as Jizhuhu established a large landed properties, the so-called Jizhuang(寄莊), Zhuangyuan(莊園), Bieye(別業), through land-accumulation in the newly settled village, and became a landlord in that area. In addition to this well-known definition of Bieye, I observe a unnoticed factor inherent in Bieye which brought change in the character of the landlord in village in the late Tang period. If an owner of the Bieye settled down in the place of Bieye, he would have lost the base in his original village and he would have needed to establish a new relations with the village society in which located his Bieye. Even if he continued to stay at his new village, he could not manage his Bieye for the time with an established way for the original great estates(舊業) in his native village. Under this circumstance, the landlord in village manipulated his situation in favour of his necessity. As a result, land was managed by a contract, and tenants witnessed their position arising.
Of course, there were a lot of difficulties and troubles for jizhuhu to settle down in a new place. Fortunately, the development of the ChangJiang area through irrigation(漑田) in the late Tang period boosted the possibility of jizhuhu's settlement in that area. In this process, Jizhuhu took the initiative to develop ChangJiang area. In due course, they became the landlord class there. We find a typical example in the case of YuanJie(元結) who reclaimed deserted land to a Jizhuhu,
Eventually, rapid increase in the number of Jizhuhu in the ChangJiang area not only transformed the management style of land but also stimulated the change in the nature of the landlords. Now the landlords became less involved in the village society where their land located than before.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. ‘寄住戶‘의 대두와 遷徒 士人
Ⅲ. 別業의 소유와 거주
Ⅳ. 開墾에 의한 토지소유와 경영
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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