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The American college had been a thriving institution in the eighteenth century. Through the Great Awakening and campus revival, some colleges chose to promote revivalism and an expansionist Christianity. Yale and Princeton emerged as the influential colleges during the America's greatest boom period of college founding(1800-1860). This study use "ante-bellum" to denote all the colleges in the period between 1800 and 1860, and "the era of university" the period of 50 years between the Civil War and World War I.
The history of American higher education is the story of interaction between transplanted European concepts and the American environment. The liberal arts college was derived from the English system, and the common sense philosophy was transmitted by the graduates of Scottish universities such as Aberdeen and Edinburgh.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the emphasis on classical curricula continued to dominate American colleges. They tried to make sharpen the young men's faculties through enforced contact with Greek and latin grammar and mathematics. The Yale Report of 1828 emphasized that such a training and exercise of mental faculties was the proper function of higher education. During the Jacksonian movement, the commonalities found that the established colleges continued to neglect the practical needs of people and eventually the existing liberal arts colleges unresponsive to their opportunities. The Yale Report of 1828 was an example of the attitude that blocked curricular change.
The nineteenth-century German universities had a great influence on American higher education between the Civil War and World war I. Henry P. Tappan, the president of the University of Michigan, had prematurely declared that the German institutions could serve as 'literal' models for American higher education. Francis Wayland at Brown University had emulated foreign ideas less directly but also tended toward a flexible, more departmentalized curriculum.
When attacks upon academic orthodoxy had required an articulated answer, the ante-bellum college had entered a decadence. The time around 1870 seemed to mark an epoch of educational history in the United States. The college education are convulsed by a revolution within those days.
The very nature of the higher learning in the United States had been critically transformed. The university system took root in the United States during the several decades after 1865. The American university took shape and reached its present state of definition in the late nineteenth century.
The history of American higher education is the story of interaction between transplanted European concepts and the American environment. The liberal arts college was derived from the English system, and the common sense philosophy was transmitted by the graduates of Scottish universities such as Aberdeen and Edinburgh.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the emphasis on classical curricula continued to dominate American colleges. They tried to make sharpen the young men's faculties through enforced contact with Greek and latin grammar and mathematics. The Yale Report of 1828 emphasized that such a training and exercise of mental faculties was the proper function of higher education. During the Jacksonian movement, the commonalities found that the established colleges continued to neglect the practical needs of people and eventually the existing liberal arts colleges unresponsive to their opportunities. The Yale Report of 1828 was an example of the attitude that blocked curricular change.
The nineteenth-century German universities had a great influence on American higher education between the Civil War and World war I. Henry P. Tappan, the president of the University of Michigan, had prematurely declared that the German institutions could serve as 'literal' models for American higher education. Francis Wayland at Brown University had emulated foreign ideas less directly but also tended toward a flexible, more departmentalized curriculum.
When attacks upon academic orthodoxy had required an articulated answer, the ante-bellum college had entered a decadence. The time around 1870 seemed to mark an epoch of educational history in the United States. The college education are convulsed by a revolution within those days.
The very nature of the higher learning in the United States had been critically transformed. The university system took root in the United States during the several decades after 1865. The American university took shape and reached its present state of definition in the late nineteenth century.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. Ante-Bellum College의 배경과 Yale Report of 1828
Ⅲ. 교육개혁의 사회적 환경 요인
Ⅳ. 교육개혁의 기독교 선구자들
Ⅴ. 결론
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