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This article examines the theory of women's movement of the socialist women who led the K?nuhoe movement in the 1920s. Socialist women in colonial Korea received and introduced Marxist feminism in the early 1920s. From the Marxist feminist perspective, they criticized the standpoint and approach of the nationalist women's movement and argued that the root of women's oppression was the private property which gave rise to economic inequality and that women's liberation could be achieved only by dismantling of capitalism.
At the same time, socialist women took the colonial reality into consideration when they applied Marxist feminism to colonial Korea and developed the strategies and tactics of women's movement. That is to say, they paid attention to the fact that Korean women suffered from Japanese colonial oppression and oppressive feudal traditions which still remained strongly at that time. In recognition of the colonial reality, socialist women established “anti-imperialism” and “antifeudalism” as their tasks and formed the united front organization, the K?nuhoe in association with the nationalist women.
After holding hegemony of the K?nuhoe, socialist women had to develop the strategies of the K?nuhoe movement. They insisted that the K?nuhoe should concentrate on the “enlightenment movement”. They argued that Korean women's consciousness was so immature that the K?nuhoe should promote their consciousness by the “enlightenment movement” and then let them participate in the political and class struggles. However, over time, they reexamined their policies of the K?nuhoe movement and tried to develop a new strategy to perform both “enlightenment movement” and the mobilization of women for class struggles.
In the early 1930s, the debate on the dissolution of the K?nuhoe was raised. Some socialist women argued that the K?nuhoe should be dissolved and women had to be organized into peasant cooperatives and labor unions. They emphasized the mobilization of women for class struggles and underestimated the autonomy of women's movement. However, one of the socialist women of the K?nuhoe, Jeong, Chong-Myong presented a dissolution theory which could overcome the limitation of the theory of the K?nuhoe movement. According to her theory, women could perform both “enlightenment movement” and class struggles and raise the gender issues persistently and autonomously.
In conclusion, the socialist women of the K?nuhoe tried to develop the theory of women's movement to achieve both national liberation and women's emancipation.
At the same time, socialist women took the colonial reality into consideration when they applied Marxist feminism to colonial Korea and developed the strategies and tactics of women's movement. That is to say, they paid attention to the fact that Korean women suffered from Japanese colonial oppression and oppressive feudal traditions which still remained strongly at that time. In recognition of the colonial reality, socialist women established “anti-imperialism” and “antifeudalism” as their tasks and formed the united front organization, the K?nuhoe in association with the nationalist women.
After holding hegemony of the K?nuhoe, socialist women had to develop the strategies of the K?nuhoe movement. They insisted that the K?nuhoe should concentrate on the “enlightenment movement”. They argued that Korean women's consciousness was so immature that the K?nuhoe should promote their consciousness by the “enlightenment movement” and then let them participate in the political and class struggles. However, over time, they reexamined their policies of the K?nuhoe movement and tried to develop a new strategy to perform both “enlightenment movement” and the mobilization of women for class struggles.
In the early 1930s, the debate on the dissolution of the K?nuhoe was raised. Some socialist women argued that the K?nuhoe should be dissolved and women had to be organized into peasant cooperatives and labor unions. They emphasized the mobilization of women for class struggles and underestimated the autonomy of women's movement. However, one of the socialist women of the K?nuhoe, Jeong, Chong-Myong presented a dissolution theory which could overcome the limitation of the theory of the K?nuhoe movement. According to her theory, women could perform both “enlightenment movement” and class struggles and raise the gender issues persistently and autonomously.
In conclusion, the socialist women of the K?nuhoe tried to develop the theory of women's movement to achieve both national liberation and women's emancipation.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 사회주의여성해방론의 수용과 확산
Ⅲ. 근우회운동론-결성논리와 운동방침
Ⅳ. 근우회 해소논쟁에 나타난 여성운동의 전망
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉
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