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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
For more than two decades, social enterprise movements in the United States and in Europe have taken on growing importance. Broadly defined as the use of non-governmental, market-based approaches to addressing social issues, social enterprise has become an increasingly popular means of funding and supplying social initiatives around the world.
Yet while the trend and its ultimate objectives are similar, there remain vast differences in the conceptualization of social enterprise among different world regions. These differences stem from contrasting forces shaping and reinforcing the movement in each region.
According to J. A. Kerlin, the concept of social enterprise in the United States is generally much broader and more focused on enterprise for the sake of revenue generation than definitions elsewhere. This remains true even when considering the definitional divide in the United States between academics and practitioners.
In Western Europe, the trend toward social enterprise emerged somewhat later than in the United States and was focused on the simultaneous development of public interest services, and diversification of revenue generation in the third sector.
Most social enterprises in Western Europe operate under the legal form of either a nonprofit association or a cooperative. Social enterprises are established as associations in those countries where the legal definition of association allows a degree of freedom in selling goods and services on the open market. In countries such as Sweden, Finland and Spain, where associations are more limited in this regard, social enterprises tend to take the legal form for cooperatives.
In Korea, the Social Enterprise Promotion Act was enacted on December 8, 2006 and became effective on July 1, 2007. The social enterprise is defined as those enterprises which trade in goods or services for a social purpose through the employment of people from a disadvantaged community, and was recognized by the Minister of Labor.
The legal form of the social enterprise is not limited to the non-profit organization. It ranges between association in the Civil Code and companies in the Commercial Code. The corporation of public interest, non-profit private organization, social welfare corporation, consumers' cooperation can be also social enterprise.
The Minister of Labor can support the social enterprises with professional consultation for management, technique, tax, labor, accounting and other necessary information. The State or local autonomous governments can support the social enterprises by renting the state-owned or public land, and by reducing or exempting taxes.
The criticism was raised to the recognition and promotion of the social enterprise by the government, because the social enterprises in the United States and Western Europe have appeared on the initiative of private organizations. It would be contradictory, if the government supports those activities in the field, where the government was not engaged.
The requirement of social enterprise to employ people from a disadvantaged community is also difficult to be met, as those unskilled elderly people, women, disabled, most of whom were once excluded from the labor market, can hardly compete with the regular workers of the same business.
Those problems have to be keenly observed in the implementation of the Social Enterprise Promotion Act and it will help the interest parties find the way to develop the young social enterprises in Korea.
Yet while the trend and its ultimate objectives are similar, there remain vast differences in the conceptualization of social enterprise among different world regions. These differences stem from contrasting forces shaping and reinforcing the movement in each region.
According to J. A. Kerlin, the concept of social enterprise in the United States is generally much broader and more focused on enterprise for the sake of revenue generation than definitions elsewhere. This remains true even when considering the definitional divide in the United States between academics and practitioners.
In Western Europe, the trend toward social enterprise emerged somewhat later than in the United States and was focused on the simultaneous development of public interest services, and diversification of revenue generation in the third sector.
Most social enterprises in Western Europe operate under the legal form of either a nonprofit association or a cooperative. Social enterprises are established as associations in those countries where the legal definition of association allows a degree of freedom in selling goods and services on the open market. In countries such as Sweden, Finland and Spain, where associations are more limited in this regard, social enterprises tend to take the legal form for cooperatives.
In Korea, the Social Enterprise Promotion Act was enacted on December 8, 2006 and became effective on July 1, 2007. The social enterprise is defined as those enterprises which trade in goods or services for a social purpose through the employment of people from a disadvantaged community, and was recognized by the Minister of Labor.
The legal form of the social enterprise is not limited to the non-profit organization. It ranges between association in the Civil Code and companies in the Commercial Code. The corporation of public interest, non-profit private organization, social welfare corporation, consumers' cooperation can be also social enterprise.
The Minister of Labor can support the social enterprises with professional consultation for management, technique, tax, labor, accounting and other necessary information. The State or local autonomous governments can support the social enterprises by renting the state-owned or public land, and by reducing or exempting taxes.
The criticism was raised to the recognition and promotion of the social enterprise by the government, because the social enterprises in the United States and Western Europe have appeared on the initiative of private organizations. It would be contradictory, if the government supports those activities in the field, where the government was not engaged.
The requirement of social enterprise to employ people from a disadvantaged community is also difficult to be met, as those unskilled elderly people, women, disabled, most of whom were once excluded from the labor market, can hardly compete with the regular workers of the same business.
Those problems have to be keenly observed in the implementation of the Social Enterprise Promotion Act and it will help the interest parties find the way to develop the young social enterprises in Korea.
#사회적기업
#비영리 기업
#지역사회 벤처
#사회적 목적기업
#사회적법인
#자선
#사회적 가치
#법적형태
#사회적기업육성위원회
#사회적기업육성기본계획
#연계기업
#비영리조직
#공익법인
#비영리민간단체
#사회복지법인
#생활협동조합
#취약계층
#사회서비스
#인증절차
#조세지원
#social enterprise
#nonprofit enterprise
#community wealth venture
#social purpose enterprise
#social firm
#philanthropy
#social value
#NGO
#REDF
#double bottom line
목차
Ⅰ. 미국과 유럽에서의 사회적기업 태동
Ⅱ. 사회적기업육성법의 제정
Ⅲ. 사회적기업육성법의 핵심사항
Ⅳ. 발전방향
【ABSTRACT】
참고문헌 (12)
참고문헌 신청
1. [단행본] - 이광택 / 2007 / 사회적기업의 창업과 육성, In 사회적기업, 새로운 세계 / 실업국민국민재단 함께 일하는 사회
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Kerlin, J. A / 2006 / Social Enterprise in the United States and Abroad: Learning From Our Differences / Reseach on Social Enterprenuership: Understanding and Contributing to an Emerging Field, ARNOVA Occasional Paper Series 1 (3) : 105 ~
3. [단행본] - 정선희 / 2004 / 사회적 기업 / 다우출판사 : 10 ~
4. [보고서] - Flannery, D. / / Leading the Social Purpose Enterprise: An Examination of Organizational Culture
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Jones, D / 2006 / 사회적 기업: 용어의 모호성과 복합성 문제에 대한 고찰 / 사회적 기업 저널 2 (1) : 21 ~
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Kerlin, J. A / 2006 / Social Enterprise in the United States and Abroad: Learning From Our Differences / Reseach on Social Enterprenuership: Understanding and Contributing to an Emerging Field, ARNOVA Occasional Paper Series 1 (3) : 105 ~
3. [단행본] - 정선희 / 2004 / 사회적 기업 / 다우출판사 : 10 ~
4. [보고서] - Flannery, D. / / Leading the Social Purpose Enterprise: An Examination of Organizational Culture
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Jones, D / 2006 / 사회적 기업: 용어의 모호성과 복합성 문제에 대한 고찰 / 사회적 기업 저널 2 (1) : 21 ~
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