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This thesis attempts to interpret the meanings of women drinking wine in netherlandish genre painting of the 17th century. This theme has not been surveyed on its own in art historical circles so far.
In art works of Gerard ter Borch, Pieter de Hooch and Johannes Vermeer, a young woman with a wine glass is often seen sitting or standing around a table and mostly together with one or two male figures. These artists seem to have exchanged artistic ideas on this theme from the 1650s to the 1660s, though they were active in various Dutch regions.
Women drinking wine represented in those works may express the ideas on the ideal of women, playing roles which could be roughly divided in three. They appear namely either as a woman comforting the pain caused by heartbreak, or as an immoral figure who does not pursue the virtues of the time, or as a prostitute.
First, a female figure drinking wine by herself mostly appears with the motif of a letter and in this case she should convey the idea of comforting the pain caused by heartbreak. This theme seems to be related to the literature on love of the time.
The rest of the works mainly show a woman drinking wine together with one man or two and this type of figures should refer to immoral women. These women seem to be going to lose their virginity owing to drinking too much, since the motif of a rein, the symbol of temperance, is included in these scenes. Besides this, the motif of a handkerchief is also depicted to represent a young woman as prostitute.
These scenes are basically related to two aspects of drinking wine, i.e. its positive and negative effects. The former one is to forget about worries and to cheer up our mind, while the latter one is to stimulate carnal desires. Of these, we can observe, the negative side was much more stressed than the positive, not just in the Dutch calvinist society but in Dutch genre painting as well.
In these paintings it could be said that the group of figures including a woman drinking wine appears as a negative model for the spectator in contrast to the side figures conveying the idea of virtues women should pursue.
For example, the virginity of a young woman could only be kept if she is not going to lose her temperance, or a housewife should obtain the virtue of diligence, or a young girl should pursue the virtues of patience, obedience and humility through education.
In art works of Gerard ter Borch, Pieter de Hooch and Johannes Vermeer, a young woman with a wine glass is often seen sitting or standing around a table and mostly together with one or two male figures. These artists seem to have exchanged artistic ideas on this theme from the 1650s to the 1660s, though they were active in various Dutch regions.
Women drinking wine represented in those works may express the ideas on the ideal of women, playing roles which could be roughly divided in three. They appear namely either as a woman comforting the pain caused by heartbreak, or as an immoral figure who does not pursue the virtues of the time, or as a prostitute.
First, a female figure drinking wine by herself mostly appears with the motif of a letter and in this case she should convey the idea of comforting the pain caused by heartbreak. This theme seems to be related to the literature on love of the time.
The rest of the works mainly show a woman drinking wine together with one man or two and this type of figures should refer to immoral women. These women seem to be going to lose their virginity owing to drinking too much, since the motif of a rein, the symbol of temperance, is included in these scenes. Besides this, the motif of a handkerchief is also depicted to represent a young woman as prostitute.
These scenes are basically related to two aspects of drinking wine, i.e. its positive and negative effects. The former one is to forget about worries and to cheer up our mind, while the latter one is to stimulate carnal desires. Of these, we can observe, the negative side was much more stressed than the positive, not just in the Dutch calvinist society but in Dutch genre painting as well.
In these paintings it could be said that the group of figures including a woman drinking wine appears as a negative model for the spectator in contrast to the side figures conveying the idea of virtues women should pursue.
For example, the virginity of a young woman could only be kept if she is not going to lose her temperance, or a housewife should obtain the virtue of diligence, or a young girl should pursue the virtues of patience, obedience and humility through education.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 포도주의 이로움과 해로움
Ⅲ. 터르 보르흐의 포도주 마시는 여인과 사랑의 고통에 대한 위안
Ⅳ. 포도주 마시는 여인과 여성의 덕목
Ⅴ. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract
참고문헌 (30)
참고문헌 신청
1. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 엘리아스 / 1996 / 문명화 과정 1
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 칼빈, 존 / 1985 / 新約聖經註釋 전 10권
3. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 플라톤 / 2002. / 플라톤의 국가론
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Bauer / 1992 / “Vermeer’s Allegory of Temperance” : 35 ~ 11 39
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Becker / california1991 / “Are these Girls really so neat Art in History History in Art Studies in Seventeenth Century Dutch Culture David Freedberg 와 Jan de Vries 편집 : 139 ~ 173
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 칼빈, 존 / 1985 / 新約聖經註釋 전 10권
3. [학술지(정기간행물)] - 플라톤 / 2002. / 플라톤의 국가론
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Bauer / 1992 / “Vermeer’s Allegory of Temperance” : 35 ~ 11 39
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Becker / california1991 / “Are these Girls really so neat Art in History History in Art Studies in Seventeenth Century Dutch Culture David Freedberg 와 Jan de Vries 편집 : 139 ~ 173
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