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This study analyzes countermeasures taken by the Nanjing National Government to cope with the great flood that occurred in the Yangzi Valley and Huaihe(淮河) basin in 1931. At that time, the National Flood Relief Commission(NFRC, 國民政府 救濟水災委員會) had assumed full charge of flood relief. The organization and activity of NFRC is the focus of this study. This study seeks the following : (1) To extend our perspectives on the historiography of Chinese traditional disaster relief(中國荒政史), with careful consideration given to distinguishing aspects of the disaster relief system during the period of Nanjing National Government. (2) To reveal the connection between central and provincial government, and between national and societal power which intervened in the disaster relief process during the 1931 flood.
Moreover, issues of connection are the essential themes of historiography of the 'Nanjing Decade'. This treatise thus examines the development of flood relief in case of Hunan Province, especially in regard to the interrelation between NFRC of central government and provincial relief authorities as well as Hunan Flood Relief and Rehabilitation Commission(湖南水災善後委員會), which is related with process of relieving flood damage.
I thus arrived at the following conclusion. Through the common objective of flood relief between the provincial and central government, accommodative relationship between the central and provincial government was formed irrespective of political and military confrontation. Conditions created under the influence of the central government continued to spread throughout the regions such that the Nanjing National Government publicly declared its 'national intention' of going beyond the limits of a regional regime which has had a profound significance vis-a-vis modern 'nation-state building'.
This conclusion suggests that we need not unqualifiedly consider relations between central and provincial government as opposing. That is to say, we have to consider that relations as unitive. At this case, dichotomy viewpoint which considers issues of relations between central and provincial government as integration or disintegration is not good. In part, the interrelationship between central and provincial authorities was in accordance with the modern 'nation-state building' taking place during the Nanjing Decade.
Nevertheless, I could find out not only primarily collaborative relationship but also certain constraining relationship between central and provincial government. Hunan provincial government intended to get a maximum aid out of central government, at the same time intended to maintain autonomy. On the other hand, central government intended to ensure a maximum supervisory competence and control power. Now to conclude, relations of magnetism and diamagnetism is in relationship between NFRC(central government) and Hunan provincial authorities. Till now, there is a proverb left in China, that is "if policy is in the center, countermeasure is in the regions".
Moreover, issues of connection are the essential themes of historiography of the 'Nanjing Decade'. This treatise thus examines the development of flood relief in case of Hunan Province, especially in regard to the interrelation between NFRC of central government and provincial relief authorities as well as Hunan Flood Relief and Rehabilitation Commission(湖南水災善後委員會), which is related with process of relieving flood damage.
I thus arrived at the following conclusion. Through the common objective of flood relief between the provincial and central government, accommodative relationship between the central and provincial government was formed irrespective of political and military confrontation. Conditions created under the influence of the central government continued to spread throughout the regions such that the Nanjing National Government publicly declared its 'national intention' of going beyond the limits of a regional regime which has had a profound significance vis-a-vis modern 'nation-state building'.
This conclusion suggests that we need not unqualifiedly consider relations between central and provincial government as opposing. That is to say, we have to consider that relations as unitive. At this case, dichotomy viewpoint which considers issues of relations between central and provincial government as integration or disintegration is not good. In part, the interrelationship between central and provincial authorities was in accordance with the modern 'nation-state building' taking place during the Nanjing Decade.
Nevertheless, I could find out not only primarily collaborative relationship but also certain constraining relationship between central and provincial government. Hunan provincial government intended to get a maximum aid out of central government, at the same time intended to maintain autonomy. On the other hand, central government intended to ensure a maximum supervisory competence and control power. Now to conclude, relations of magnetism and diamagnetism is in relationship between NFRC(central government) and Hunan provincial authorities. Till now, there is a proverb left in China, that is "if policy is in the center, countermeasure is in the regions".
목차
1. 머리말
2. ‘改賑爲貨’와 湖南水災善後委員會의 조직
3. 國民政府 救濟水災委員會의 개입과 견제
4. 맺음말
Abstract
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