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This article examines the relationship between the Tang dynasty and the foreign residents communities including Fanfang(蕃坊) and the Shilla residents community in Tang.
During the Tang era foreign merchants came in great numbers to the South Sea Coast which was known even before the rise of Tang for it's prosperity and as a source of valuable merchandise.
The attitudes of Tang Dynasty to foreign merchants can be seen in the Tang dynasty's administration of Fanfang and the establishment of Shiboshi (市舶使). In Guangzhou(廣州) foreign merchants formed separate resident communities and disputes between resident merchants were handIed by the Fanzhang(蕃長) according to their own religion and customs. This was codified in the Tang Code(唐律) and exemplifies the openness of the Tang dynasty to foreigners. However, as the Tang dynasty set up legal measures to regulate foreigners, likewise it instituted the Shiboshi system to control the fanfang.
The intention of the Tang court was to supervise the South Sea Trade though the Shiboshi system. This is evident in the fact that the officials or eunuchs close to the Emperor were appointed to the post of Shiboshi. Moreover, the Shiboshi was in charge of dealing with the fanzhang and inspecting the merchandise thereby exercising control over the fanfang and fanzhang.
It is probable that the Tang dynasty enforced similar policies on the Shilla resident communities in the Shangdong(山東) and Jianghui(江淮) regions, The establishment of the yaxinluobohailiangfanshi(押新羅渤海兩蕃使) would imply such intentions but the exact nature of the post cannot be ascertained, However the relationship between the Tang dynasty and the Shilla resident communities can be inferred by examining the members of the those communities and the role of its headmen,
Shilla resident communities were mainly comprised of Shilla people who had immigrated to Tang after the 8th century fleeing the famines in Shilla or those who had been sold into slavery to Tang but later acquired their freedom and remained there, It is most likely that the Shilla people who had settled down and made a living in Tang became Chinese subjects since there were favorable provisions which exempted naturalized foreigners from tax for 10 years, Also, influential members of the communities would have been appointed as their headmen, men such as Chang Young(張詠) and Wang Hun(王訓) cited in The Nitt -Guh, -Junrei-K, ki(入唐求法巡禮行記) being a representative case.
The role of these headmen reveal that the Shilla resident communities were organized into local administrative districts, Though they were bestowed the titles of yaya(押衙), cunzhang(村長), zongguan(總管), they performed the duties equivalent of fangzheng(坊正), lizheng(里正), cunzheng(村正), Especially, the serviced rendered by Chang Young in the process of Ennin (圓仁) acquiring a Gongyan(公驗) is identical to that of a lizheng, These facts confirm that Shilla resident communities were under the control of the Tang dynasty.
During the Tang era foreign merchants came in great numbers to the South Sea Coast which was known even before the rise of Tang for it's prosperity and as a source of valuable merchandise.
The attitudes of Tang Dynasty to foreign merchants can be seen in the Tang dynasty's administration of Fanfang and the establishment of Shiboshi (市舶使). In Guangzhou(廣州) foreign merchants formed separate resident communities and disputes between resident merchants were handIed by the Fanzhang(蕃長) according to their own religion and customs. This was codified in the Tang Code(唐律) and exemplifies the openness of the Tang dynasty to foreigners. However, as the Tang dynasty set up legal measures to regulate foreigners, likewise it instituted the Shiboshi system to control the fanfang.
The intention of the Tang court was to supervise the South Sea Trade though the Shiboshi system. This is evident in the fact that the officials or eunuchs close to the Emperor were appointed to the post of Shiboshi. Moreover, the Shiboshi was in charge of dealing with the fanzhang and inspecting the merchandise thereby exercising control over the fanfang and fanzhang.
It is probable that the Tang dynasty enforced similar policies on the Shilla resident communities in the Shangdong(山東) and Jianghui(江淮) regions, The establishment of the yaxinluobohailiangfanshi(押新羅渤海兩蕃使) would imply such intentions but the exact nature of the post cannot be ascertained, However the relationship between the Tang dynasty and the Shilla resident communities can be inferred by examining the members of the those communities and the role of its headmen,
Shilla resident communities were mainly comprised of Shilla people who had immigrated to Tang after the 8th century fleeing the famines in Shilla or those who had been sold into slavery to Tang but later acquired their freedom and remained there, It is most likely that the Shilla people who had settled down and made a living in Tang became Chinese subjects since there were favorable provisions which exempted naturalized foreigners from tax for 10 years, Also, influential members of the communities would have been appointed as their headmen, men such as Chang Young(張詠) and Wang Hun(王訓) cited in The Nitt -Guh, -Junrei-K, ki(入唐求法巡禮行記) being a representative case.
The role of these headmen reveal that the Shilla resident communities were organized into local administrative districts, Though they were bestowed the titles of yaya(押衙), cunzhang(村長), zongguan(總管), they performed the duties equivalent of fangzheng(坊正), lizheng(里正), cunzheng(村正), Especially, the serviced rendered by Chang Young in the process of Ennin (圓仁) acquiring a Gongyan(公驗) is identical to that of a lizheng, These facts confirm that Shilla resident communities were under the control of the Tang dynasty.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 南海地域의 위상 변화와 南海貿易의 거점
Ⅲ. 蕃坊의 운영 실태와 市舶使
Ⅳ. 在唐新羅人의 ‘귀화‘ 여부와 대표자의 지위
Ⅴ. 맺음말
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