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논문 기본 정보

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학위논문
저자정보

김태욱 (동의대학교, 東義大學校)

지도교수
崔聖姬
발행연도
2019
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동의대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.

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스리랑카 홍차는 차나무 재배 지역의 지대별(저산지, 중산지 및 고산지)로 구 분하는 경우가 많다. 스리랑카에서 생산되는 홍차는 P (pekoe), OP (orange pekoe), FBOP (flowery broken orange pekoe) 및 BOP (broken orange pekoe) 등급이 주로 생산되고 그 중 OP나 BOP 등급이 많다. 이에 본 연구는 실론 홍차 의 지대별 및 등급별로 구분된 시료를 이용하여 차의 품질 면에서 중요한 인자 중의 하나인 휘발성 향기성분을 추출하고 분석, 동정하여 소비자의 기호에 맞 는 국산 홍차류의 품질 개발을 위한 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 휘발성 향기 성분은 Likens and Nickerson형 동시증류추출(SDE)장치를 사용하고 추출 된 농축물을 GC-MS로 분석, 동정하였다.
차나무 재배 지역의 지대별로 생산되는 홍차류 중 OP 등급 홍차류의 향기 성분을 분석한 결과, 고지대인 Dimbula 지역의 Mlesna사의 OP 등급 홍차 에서 39종류, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Store field사의 OP 등급 홍차에서 36 종류 및 저지대인 Ruhuna 지역의 APL Teas사의 Mac wood OP 등급 홍차 에서 32종류를 동정하였고, 공통적으로 들어 있는 화합물은 총 23종류이었다. OP 등급의 3가지 시료에 공통적인 주요 향기성분으로 꽃 향을 띠는 phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxide 및 nerolidol 등과 풋풋한 향을 띠 는 ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal 및 ( Ζ )-3-hexenol이 대부분을 차지하였다. 민트향 에 기여하는 methyl salicylate 성분은 고지대와 중지대에서만 동정되었다.
지대가 다른 P 등급 홍차류의 향기성분을 분석한 결과, 고지대인 Nuwara Eliya 지역의 Dilmah사의 P 등급 홍차에서 23종류, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Nayapane사의 P 등급 홍차에서 34종류 및 저지대인 ST.Clair 지역의 ST.Clair’s 사의 P 등급 홍차에서 38종류를 동정하였고, 공통적으로 들어 있는 화합물은 총 16종류이었다. P 등급의 3가지 시료에 공통적인 주요 향기성분으로 꽃 향을 띠는 linalool, linalool oxide 및 geraniol 등과 풋풋한 향을 띠는 ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal 및 ( Ζ )-3-hexenol이 대부분을 차지하였다. 민트향에 기여하는 methyl salicylate 성분은 저지대에서만 동정되었다.
지대가 다른 BOP 등급 홍차류의 향기성분을 분석한 결과 고지대인 Dimbula 지역의 Mlesna사의 BOP 등급 홍차에서 32종류, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Kadugannawa사의 BOP 등급 홍차에서 27종류 및 저지대 인 Ruhuna 지역의 Mlesna사의 BOP 등급 홍차에서 35종류를 동정하였고, 공통적으로 들어 있는 화합물은 총 20종류이었다. BOP 등급의 3가지 시료에 공통적인 주요 향기성분으로 꽃 향을 띠는 linalool, linalool oxide 및 phenylacetaldehyde 등과 풋풋한 향을 띠는 ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal 및 ( Ζ )-3-hexenol이 대부분을 차지하였다. 민트향에 기여하는 methyl salicylate 성분은 고지대, 중지대 및 저지대의 BOP 등급에서 모두 동정되었으며, 그 중 저지대에서 함량이 가장 많았다.
스리랑카의 Uva 지역의 홍차 중 Halpewatte사의 등급별 홍차류인 Pekoe, FBOP, BOPsp 및 FFsp의 향기성분을 분석한 결과, 각각 41종류, 40종류, 47종류 및 45종류를 동정하였고, 공통적으로 들어 있는 화합물은 총 29종류이었다. 4가 지 시료에 공통적인 주요 향기성분으로 꽃 향을 띠는 phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxide 및 nerolidol 등과 풋풋한 향을 띠는 ( Ε )-2-hexenal, ( Ζ )-3-hexenol 및 ( Z )-3-hexenyl hexaneate가 대부분을 차지하였다. 민트향에 기여하는 methyl salicylate 성분은 4가지 시료에서 모두 동정되었으며, 함량 은 Pekoe > FBOP > BOPsp > FFsp 순으로 나타났다. 한편, 홍차류의 맛과 생리활성에 중요한 catechin류를 HPLC로 분석하였다. 지대가 다른 OP 등급 홍차류의 3가지 시료에서 catechin류의 총 함량은 고지대 인 Dimbula 지역의 Mlesna사의 OP 등급 홍차에 19.47 mg/g, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Store field사의 OP 등급 홍차에 15.80 mg/g 및 저지대인 Ruhuna 지역의 APL Teas사의 Mac wood OP 등급 홍차에 7.53 mg/g이 함유되어 있었다. 지대가 다른 P 등급 홍차류의 3가지 시료에서 catechin류의 함량은 고지대인 Nuwara Eliya 지역의 Dilmah사의 P 등급 홍차에 81.40 mg/g, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Nayapane사의 P 등급 홍차에 31.92 mg/g 및 저지대인 ST.Clair 지역의 ST.Clair’s사의 P 등급 홍차에 31.86 mg/g이 함유되어 있었다. 지대가 다른 FBOP 등급 홍차류의 3가지 시료에서 catechin류의 함량은 고지대 인 Nuwara Eliya 지역의 Heritage teas사의 FBOP 등급 홍차에 109.16 mg/g, 중지대 인 Kandy 지역의 Store Field사의 FBOP 등급 홍차에 5.00 mg/g 및 저지대 ST.Clair 지역의 ST.Clair’s사 FBOP 등급 홍차에 23.99 mg/g이 함유되어 있었다. 지대가 다른 BOP 등급 홍차류의 3가지 시료에서 catechin류의 함량은 고지대 인 Dimbula 지역의 Mlesna사의 BOP 등급 홍차에 24.56 mg/g, 중지대인 Kandy 지역의 Kadugannawa사의 BOP 등급 홍차에 5.04 mg/g 및 저지대인 Ruhuna 지 역의 Mlesna사의 BOP 등급 홍차에 26.04 mg/g이 함유되어 있었다. 등급별 Uva의 Halpewatte사 홍차 4가지 시료에서 catechin류의 함량은 Pekoe 에 50.53 mg/g, FBOP에 38.11 mg/g, BOPsp에 31.90 mg/g 및 FFsp에 32.82 mg/g이 함유되어 있었다.

The Ceylon teas are classified into three groups by altitude at which they are planted. They are high-grown (over 1200 m), middle-grown (600-1200 m) and low-grown (below 600 m). The black teas produced in Sri Lanka are mainly produced by teas grade P(pekoe), OP (orange pekoe), FBOP (flowery broken orange pekoe) and BOP (broken orange pekoe) classes. The flavor compounds in samples (different region: high-grown, middle-grown and low-grown) were extracted by modified Likens and Nickerson, using a simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) apparatus and the concentrated flavor extracts were analyzed and identified by GC-MS.
Thirty-nine compounds in black tea of Dimbula (high-grown OP) were identified. Thirty-six compounds in black tea of Kandy (middle-grown OP) were identified. Thirty-two compounds in black tea of Ruhuna (low-grown OP) were identified. Twenty-three compounds were commonly contained in the three samples. The main compounds having floral odor in OP grade of three samples were phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxide and nerolidol. The main compounds having greenish odor were ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal and ( Ζ )-3-hexenol. The methyl salicylate component contributing to the minty was identified only to the high-grown and the middle-grown.
Twenty-three compounds in black tea of Nuwara Eliya (high-grown P) were identified. Thirty-four compounds in black tea of Kandy (middle-grown P) were identified. Thirty-eight compounds in black tea of ST.Clair (low-grown P) were identified. Sixteenth compounds were commonly contained in the three samples. The main compounds having floral odor were linalool, linalool oxide and geraniol. The main compounds having greenish odor were ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal and ( Ζ )-3-hexenol. The methyl salicylate component contributing to the minty was identified only to the low-grown.
Thirty-six compounds in black tea of Nuwara Eliya (high-grown FBOP) were identified. Forty-three compounds in black tea of Kandy (middle-grown FBOP) were identified. Thirty-one compounds in black tea of ST.Clair (low-grown FBOP) were identified. Eighteen compounds were commonly in three samples. The main compounds having floral odor were linalool, linalool oxide and phenylacetaldehyde. The main compounds having greenish odor were ( Ε )-2-hexenal and ( Ζ )-3-hexenol. The methyl salicylate component contributing to the minty was identified only to the middle-grown and the low-grown.
Thirty-two compounds in black tea Dimbula (high-grown BOP) were identified. Twenty-seven compounds in black tea Kandy (middle-grown BOP) were identified. Thirty-five compounds in black tea Ruhuna (low-grown BOP) were identified. Twenty compounds were commonly in three samples. The main compounds having floral odor were linalool, linalool oxide and phenylacetaldehyde. The main compounds having greenish odor were ( Ε )-2-hexenal, hexanal and ( Ζ )-3-hexenol. The methyl salicylate component contributing to minty was all identified in the BOP grade of high-grown, middle-grown and low-grown. It was the highest content in the low-grown.
The aroma compounds in samples (different grade of Uva region) were analyzed and identified. Forty-one, forty, forty-seven and forty-five compounds were identified in Pekoe, FBOP, BOPsp and FFsp, respectively. Twenty-nine compounds were commonly in four samples. The main compounds having floral odor were phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, linalool oxide and nerolidol. The main compounds having greenish odor were ( Ε )-2-hexenal, ( Ζ )-3-hexenol and ( Z )-3-hexenyl hexaneate. The methyl salicylate component contributing to minty was all identified in all four Uva samples, and its content was shown in the order of Pekoe > FBOP > BOPsp > FFsp.
On the other hand, catechins are very important factor for taste and physiological active substances of black tea. The four main tea catechin components (-)-epicatechin(EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were analyzed quantitatively from black teas (different regions : high-grown, middle-grown and low-grown, and different grades : P, FBOP, BOPsp and FFsp) by HPLC.
In the three samples of OP grade, the catechin content was 19.47 mg/g in Dimbula of the high-grown, 15.80 mg/g in Kandy of the middle-grown, 7.53 mg/g in Ruhuna of the low-grown.
In the three samples of P grade, the catechin content was 81.40 mg/g in Dilmah of the high-grown, 31.92 mg/g in Kandy of the middle-grown, 31.86 mg/g in ST.Clair of the low-grown.
In the three samples of FBOP grade, the catechin content was 109.16 mg/g in Nuwara Eliya of the high-grown, 5.00 mg/g in Kandy of the middle-grown, 23.99 mg/g in ST.Clair of the low-grown.
In the three samples of BOP grade, the catechin content was 24.56 mg/g in Dimbula of the high-grown, 5.04 mg/g in Kandy of the middle-grown, 26.04 mg/g in Ruhuna of the low-grown.
The catechin contents in the four samples of Uva region were (50.53 mg/g) in Pekoe, (38.11 mg/g) in FBOP, (31.90 mg/g) in BOPsp and (32.82 mg/g) in FFsp.

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론·····················································································································1
Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법·······································································································4
1. 실험 재료 ········································································································· 4
1) 지대별 홍차류·································································································4
2) 등급별 Uva 홍차류 ·······················································································5
2. 휘발성 향기성분 농축물의 제조································································· 5
3. GC와 GC-MS를 이용한 휘발성 향기성분 분석 및 동정·······················5
4. HPLC에 의한 지대별, 등급별 홍차류의 catechin류 분석······················9
Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰·····································································································10
1. 지대별, 등급별 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분 ··············································10
1) 지대별 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분 분석 및 동정 ·······························10
(1) 지대별 OP 등급 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석 및 동정····10
(2) 지대별 P 등급 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석 및 동정 ·······21
(3) 지대별 FBOP 등급 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석 및 동정31
(4) 지대별 BOP 등급 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석 및 동정·42
2) 등급별 우바 홍차류의 휘발성 향기성분의 분석 및 동정·················52
2. 지대별, 등급별 홍차류의 catechin 함량···················································65
1) 지대별 홍차류의 catechin 함량 ······························································65
(1) 지대별 OP 등급 홍차류의 catechin 함량 ·······································65
(2) 지대별 P 등급 홍차류의 catechin 함량··········································67
(3) 지대별 FBOP 등급 홍차류의 catechin 함량·································68
(4) 지대별 BOP 등급 홍차류의 catechin 함량····································69
2) 등급별 Uva 홍차류의 catechin 함량····················································70
Ⅳ. 결론 ·····················································································································72
Ⅴ. 참고문헌·············································································································76
Abstract ····················································································································81
감사의 글 ··················································································································84

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