현대건축은좀더새롭고다양한변화를추구하는현시대적이슈에따라비정형형태가늘어나고,정형에서비정형으로변화하는경향보이고있다.건축은평면,형태,공간을구성하는법칙이존재하며그러한법칙에따라구성되었을때그건축은질서와예술로서의조형성을가지게된다.건축에서의뮤지엄은존재하는형태만으로도시랜드마크로서가치를지니기때문에,평면과형태에있어서조형성을필요로하게된다.이에본연구는 단순히전시공간을넘어다양한,문화적,사회적,교육적기능을수행하는복합문화공간으로서시대의변화에따라함께변화하고있는현대뮤지엄건축의평면과형태를분석하는것을목적으로한다.이에본연구의방법으로는문헌과선행연구의조사분석을통하여현대건축의형태적특징을 분석하고, 2000년 이후 Museum건축의 형태와 유형 등다양한 분석을 통해 Museum 건축의 평면에 따른 형태의특성을고찰하였다.
주요 사례로는 Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, Louvre Abu Dhabi 등의 40건의 해체주의를 포함한 다양한 형태를 추구하는뮤지엄건축의평면과형태를분석하였다, 연구방법을 위한 분석의 기준은 다음과 같다. 1) 뮤지엄건축의평면구성체계는기하학적평면,사선형평면,원형평면,유기적평면,선형적평면,자유선형적평면으로구분하였다.그리고2)뮤지엄건축의형태적특성을기하학성,비대칭성,유기성,투명성,선형성,재질복합성,지역맥락성,전통융합성,지속가능성으로구분하였다.
이를기본으로하여각작품의평면과형태를분석한결과,뮤지엄건축의평면은기하학적특성과동심원의특성1. 서론1) 김달진미술자료박물관, 한국미술공전시공간의역사, 서울시박물관협의회,2015.
2) 최윤경, 미술관 공간구조의 연대기적 유형학, 대한건축학회논문집, 1996, p.30 181 을가진평면이많으며,형태적특성은기하학성,비대칭성,유기성의특성을가진형태가많이나타나고있다.이는기하학적평면이형태그대로드러나거나또는기학학적평면이형태로구현되면서다양한형태로변화되어나타남을의미한다.
그리고,기하학적평면구성은그자체의특성과장점을바탕으로뮤지엄의목적과디자인컨셉에맞추어적절하게사용되고,중앙집중형평면구성(구심형및원형)은중심공간을강조하며원통의형태로나타난다.사선형구성은강한방향성을,유기적구성의평면체계는창의적이고유기적인형태를통해독특한건축형태를추구하는것으로나타났다.
이러한연구결과는뮤지엄건축의 미적가치를높이고, 건축설계의기획단계에서 활용될수있는평면과형태의유형별자료를제공할수있다.그리고현시대뮤지엄의건축형태경향과평면의구성체계,뮤지엄건축의형태생성을위한디자인단계에서더다양한건축적형태를사전에제시할수있는기초자료가될수있을것이라기대한다.
In modern architecture, when atypical forms are increasing keeping up with the contemporary issues of pursuing diversity, the tendency from being regular to being irregular. architecture follows laws that govern the composition of plans, Forms and spaces. When constructed according to these laws, the architecture gains order and Formativeness. As the existence of a museum itself has value as a landmark of a city, it requires formativeness in its form and plan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the floor plan and 180 form of modern museum architecture which evolves, along with the changes of the times, as complex cultural spaces performing various cultural, social, and educational functions, beyond just exhibition spaces.
Therefore, this study investigates the types of museum in the modern architecture through research and analysis of literature and precedent studies, and identifies the characteristics of museum construction through various types of analysis on museum construction forms and types after 2000.
The major cases analyzed were the 40 cases of museums pursuing various architectural forms including deconstructivism, such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and Louvre Abu Dhabi.
The standards for analyzing research methods are as follows. 1)The characteristics of architectural plans that these museums have were compared according to floor plan systems (geometric composition, angulate composition, linear composition, concentric composition).
and 2) Formal characteristics of museum architecture (geometry, asymmetry, organic, transparency, Material complexity, Local context, Traditional convergence, sustainability) Results of analyzing the plane and shape of each work, The planes of museum architecture are most often those with geometric characteristics and concentric circle characteristics. the most common morphological characteristics are geometry, asymmetry, and organicity.
It means that the geometric plane is revealed as its form or that the geometric plane is transformed into various forms as it is realized in form.
And, based on its own characteristics and advantages, geometric composition system is used appropriately in line with a museum’s purpose and design concept; centralized floor plan system (concentric and circular)emphasizes central spaces and concentrates in the form of a cylinder; diagonal composition provides strong directionality; the floor plan system of organic composition pursues unique architectural forms through creative and organic forms.
These study results are expected to enhance the functional and aesthetic values of museum architecture and the tendency of modern construction type of museum, organization methods of plan and therefore, this study is expected to become a basic resource to suggest more various construction types in the design stage for the museum form generation.