서울 전역에서 열린 다양한 詩會의 양상은 여러 선행 연구들을 통해 꾸준히 밝혀지고 있다. 그러나 서울 남촌지역의 詩社는 도성 내 다른 지역 시사에 비하여 심도 있는 고찰이 이뤄지지 못했고 이마저도 주로 19세기 후반기 시사에 집중되었다. 이에 본고는 조선후기 남촌의 전반적 풍경을 먼저 설명한 후, 18세기 후반에서 19세기 전반에 걸쳐 활동한 楠皐詩社를 발굴해 조명했다. 남고시사 연구는 19세기 문학사와 서울 문화사의 일면을 확인할 수 있는 방안이 되리라 기대한다.
남고시사는 18세기 후반, 심능숙의 부친인 沈允之 대부터 南皐, 혹은 南園이라 불리는 好賢坊(會賢坊) 小公洞 저택에서 시작되었다. 심윤지 대의 시회는 서울 남촌의 지역성을 강조하는 ‘南皐詩社’로 칭해졌다. 남고시사가 결성된 시기의 주요 참여자는 權常愼ㆍ金相任ㆍ金相休ㆍ洪?ㆍ李?[李平凉] 등이었다.
19세기에 이르러 심능숙이 南皐詩社를 계승하여 집회 장소를 ‘楠皐’로 개칭하고 시회의 규모를 더욱 확장ㆍ발전시켰다. ‘楠’자는 심능숙에 의해 사용된 것이므로, 당대 문인들 역시 심윤지 대의 시사와 구분하여 ‘楠皐詩社’로 명하였다. 심능숙은 당세에 이름난 시인이면서 악곡ㆍ연주ㆍ작사 등의 음악적 재능, 화훼에 대한 애호, 『參同契』와 같은 선가 지향적 취향, 奇人에 대한 동경, 야담과 소설 창작 등 당대에 유행한 문화적 현상을 선두에서 이끄는 인물이었다. 楠皐詩社의 전성기에는 權復仁ㆍ李載毅ㆍ金箕?ㆍ金箕書ㆍ鄭世翼ㆍ趙寅永ㆍ趙徹永ㆍ李明五 등의 대표적 문사들이 대거 참여하였다.
시사 말기에는 徐有英ㆍ李晩用ㆍ金魯謙ㆍ宋祥來 등 19세기 한국학계가 주목하는 문인들이 활동했다. 남고시사는 청송 심씨 후손에게 직접 계승되지 못하였으므로 심능숙 사후에는 자연적으로 해체될 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 기존 남고시사의 동인이었던 서유영ㆍ홍한주ㆍ이만용ㆍ송주헌ㆍ홍재봉 등이 새로 ‘南社’를 열어 모임을 이어나갔다.
The aspects of various poetry clubs held throughout Seoul have been constantly revealed through prior studies. However, the poetry clubs in Namchon(南村), Seoul were not studied in depth compared to other poetry clubs in Seoul, and even this was mainly concentrated on the poetry clubs in the late 19th century. This paper first describes the overall landscape of Namchon in the late Joseon Dynasty, and then deals with the Namgo- poetry club(楠皐詩社), which was active throughout the late 18th and 19th centuries. It is hoped that the research of the Namgo-poetry club will be a way to understand the aspects of 19th-century literature history and Seoul's cultural history.
Namgo-poetry club began in the late 18th century at the Hohyeonbang(好賢坊) Sogongdong Mansion called Namgo(南皐) or Namwon(南園) from Shim Yun-Ji, Shim Neung-sook's father. Shim Yun-ji's poetry club was called ‘Namgo-poetry club(南皐詩社)’, which emphasized the locality of Namchon(南村) in Seoul. The main participants of the time when the 南皐詩社 was formed were Kwon Sang-shin, Kim Sang-im, Kim Sang-hyu, HongUi, and Yi Eun[Lee Paerang-e].
In the 19th century, Shim Neung-sook succeeded the 南皐詩社 and renamed it 楠皐詩社, further expanding the size of it and developing it. Since ‘楠’ was used by Shim Neung-sook, writers of the time called it 楠皐詩社 distinguished from Shim Yun-ji's poetry club. Shim Neung-sook was a renowned poet and leading the cultural phenomenon that was popular in the 19th century, including musical talent such as playing music and writing music, fondness for flowers, the taste of taoist ideology such as 『ChamDongGye(『參同契』)』, yearning for a hermit(奇人), and creation of stories and novels. During its heyday, many representative writers such as Kwon Bok-in, Lee Jae-ui, Kim Ki-mook, Kim Ki-seo, Jung Se-ik, Jo In-young, Cho Chul-young, and Lee Myung-oh participated in the club.
In the later period, writers who received attention in 19th-century Korean studies such as Seo Yoo-young, Lee Man-yong, Kim No-kyum, and Song Sang-rae were active. Since the 楠皐詩社 was not directly inherited by the descendants of Cheongsong Shim, it was forced to disband naturally after the death of Shim Neung-sook. However, Seo Yoo-young, Hong Han-ju, Lee Man-yong, Song Ju-heon and Hong Jae-bong, who were participants of the 楠皐詩社, held a ‘Namsa(南社)’, a new poetry club. The fact that many of the key writers in southern Seoul in the late 19th century were from the 楠皐詩社 is also a good example of the influence of it in the 19th century literary history.