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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Peng Zhang (대진대학교) Ji Hong (대진대학교) I Na Yoon (대진대학교) Jin-Ku Kang (Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine) 황재삼 (농촌진흥청) 김호 (대진대학교)
저널정보
한국미생물생명공학회 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 제27권 제6호
발행연도
2017.6
수록면
1,163 - 1,170 (8page)
DOI
10.4014/jmb.1702.02041

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Clostridium difficile releases two exotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which disrupt the epithelial cell barrier in the gut to increase mucosal permeability and trigger inflammation with severe diarrhea. Many studies have suggested that enteric nerves are also directly involved in the progression of this toxin-mediated inflammation and diarrhea. C. difficile toxin A is known to enhance neurotransmitter secretion, increase gut motility, and suppress sympathetic neurotransmission in the guinea pig colitis model. Although previous studies have examined the pathophysiological role of enteric nerves in gut inflammation, the direct effect of toxins on neuronal cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying toxin-induced neuronal stress remained to be unveiled. Here, we examined the toxicity of C. difficile toxin A against neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y). We found that toxin A treatment time- and dose-dependently decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis accompanied by caspase-3 activation in this cell line. These effects were found to depend on the up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent activation of p38 MAPK and induction of p21Cip1/Waf1. Moreover, the N-acetyl-Lcysteine (NAC)-induced down-regulation of ROS could recover the viability loss and apoptosis of toxin A-treated neuronal cells. These results collectively suggest that C. difficile toxin A is toxic for neuronal cells, and that this is associated with rapid ROS generation and subsequent p38 MAPK activation and p21Cip1/Waf1 up-regulation. Moreover, our data suggest that NAC could inhibit the toxicity of C. difficile toxin A toward enteric neurons.

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