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Impact of Beef Self-Sufficiency Improvement in Korea on Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
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국내 소고기 자급률 향상이 세계 온실가스 감축에 미치는 영향

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Heo Jae Young (전북대학교) Baek Seung Woo (전북대학교) Lee Hak-Kyo (전북대학교)
Journal
한국동물유전육종학회 Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics Vol.6 No.1 KCI Candidated Journals
Published
2022.3
Pages
1 - 9 (9page)

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Impact of Beef Self-Sufficiency Improvement in Korea on Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction
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This study compares the carbon-neutral competitiveness of domestic beef with those of major countries in the world and analyzes the contribution of domestic and imported beef to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to suggest the beef self-sufficiency improvement contributes to global carbon neutrality. We used beef GHG emission intensity data by country in 2017 published by FAO. FAO's emission intensity is a carbon footprint that divides farm-gate GHG emissions by beef production quantity. Comparing the beef carbon footprints of major countries with the global average, their relative beef carbon footprints are the Netherlands 38.4%, the US 46.7%, Korea 54.4%, France 78.8%, Australia 95.9%, Vietnam 100%, Brazil 135.7%, and Ethiopia 554.9%, which presents a 14-fold difference among countries. Based on FAO data, beef carcass weight in Korea has increased by 164% (annual average of 1.8%) and carbon footprint has decreased by 83% (annual average of 3.1%) over the past 60 years, which is interpreted as a result of the improvement of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) which accounts for 85% of the number of slaughtered cattle in Korea. Korea imported 344,000 tons of beef and domestically produced 239,000 tons of beef in 2017, resulting in a self-sufficiency rate of 41%. The average carbon footprint of imported beef is 29% higher than that of domestic beef. On a consumption basis, Korea’s total GHG emissions from domestic and imported beef is 14,089 thousand tons. If imported beef is replaced with domestic beef, 345 thousand tons of global GHG emissions could be reduced by 10% increase of self-sufficiency rate, and assuming 100% self-sufficiency, the global GHG emissions reduction by 2,039 thousand tons. Considering the current level of carbon-neutral competitiveness of domestic beef and the sufficient possibility of improving Hanwoo’s productivity, domestic beef has a potential to replace a significant amount of imported beef to contribute to the global GHG emission reduction. In addition, if the breeding technology is systemically applied to improve the low-carbon trait of Hanwoo, the livestock sector may more quickly arrive at the carbon-neutral goal.

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