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Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are common findings in chronickidney disease (CKD) patients, and they are directly related to the increased risk ofdeveloping cardiovascular disease, which is the major cause of death in these patients,particularly for those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Strength physical exercise is a newtherapeutic approach to reduce these complications in CKD patients. Following this, thepurpose of this study was to assess the effect of acute intradialytic strength physicalexercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HD patients. Methods: Sixteen HD patients were studied (11 women; 44.4714.6 years; body massindex 23.374.9 kg/m2; 61.6743.1 months of dialysis) and served as their own controls. Acute (single session) intradialytic physical exercise were performed at 60% of the onerepetitionmaximum test for three sets of 10 repetitions for four exercise categories inboth lower limbs during 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected on two different daysat exactly the same time (30 minutes and 60 minutes after initiating the dialysis—withand without exercise). Antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase, and glutathione peroxidase], lipid peroxidation marker levels (malondialdehyde),and inflammatory marker levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) weredetermined. Results: SOD plasma levels were significantly reduced after acute physical exercise from244.8740.7 U/mL to 222.4728.9 U/mL (P¼0.03) and, by contrast, increased on the daywithout exercise (218.2726.5 U/mL to 239.4738.6 U/mL, P¼0.02). There was noalteration in plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, or highsensitivityC-reactive protein levels in on either day (with or without exercise). Additionally, there was no association between these markers and clinical, anthropometric,or biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These data suggest that acute intradialytic strength physical exercise wasunable to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and in addition, it seems to reduceplasma SOD levels, which could exacerbate the oxidative stress in HD patients.

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