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Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a recently recognized complicationof chronic kidney disease. In this study, we investigated the association betweenPHT, peripheral vascular calcifications (VCs), and major cardiovascular events. Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 172 end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis [hemodialysis (HD)¼84, peritoneal dialysis¼88]. PHT was defined as an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure437 mmHg using echocardiography. The Simple Vascular Calcification Score (SVCS)was measured using plain radiographic films of the hands and pelvis. Results: The prevalence of PHT was significantly higher in HD patients (51.2% vs. 22.7%). Dialysis patients with PHT had a significantly higher prevalence of severeVCs (SVCSZ3). In multivariate analysis, the presence of severe VCs [odds ratio (OR),2.68], mitral valve disease (OR, 7.79), HD (OR, 3.35), and larger left atrial diameter(OR, 11.39) were independent risk factors for PHT. In addition to the presence ofanemia, severe VCs, or older age, the presence of PHT was an independent predictorof major cardiovascular events in ESRD patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of PHT was higher in HD patients and was associatedwith higher rates of major cardiovascular events. Severe VCs are thought to be anindependent risk factor for predicting PHT in ESRD patients. Therefore, in dialysispatients with PHT, careful attention should be paid to the presence of VCs and theoccurrence of major cardiovascular events.

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