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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
김인춘 (연세대학교 동서문제연구원)
저널정보
한국서양사연구회 서양사연구 서양사연구 제54호
발행연도
2016.1
수록면
69 - 115 (47page)

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The purpose of this article is to examine the characteristics, process, and consequences of the Swedish colonialism. Especially focusing on the Union between Sweden and Norway, 1814-1905, this article tries to examine and analyze how post-nationalist Nordic community and peace have been established since the dissolution of the Union. Sweden was one of Europe’s oldest monarchies and had been a great power during the seventeenth century. But Norway was a province of the Kingdom of Denmark and lacked its own government and central institutions. In 1814, as a spin-off of the Napoleonic Wars, Sweden militarily invaded Norway and Norway involuntarily became a minor partner of the Union between Sweden and Norway though Norway had its own government under a constitution independently framed in 1814. Over the 90 years, the Union gave rise to various disputes. But the Union’s internal developments have been prominent, particularly economic development and socio-cultural interactions. Sweden’s pragmatic foreign policy and neutral strategy had secured Sweden’s national interests and the Union’ stability and developments. Norway also exercised a greater influence in Sweden, especially democratic norms and institutions. The Norwegian constitution of 1814 was the most democratic of its time along with the United States. Since the 1870s different economic interests, different political system, and increasing socio-cultural conflicts between the two nations became apparent and eventually led to the dissolution of the Union. Economically Norway had greater interests outside Europe than Sweden. Also, Norwegian politics was increasingly dominated by liberal tendencies characterized by the extension of parliamentary democracy, whereas Swedish politics tended to be more conservative and authoritative. These conflicts came to a head over the so-called ‘consul affair,’ in which successive Norwegian governments insisted that Norway should establish its own consular offices abroad and, therefore, should have full sovereignty and independence. The Swedish colonialism, especially the Union between Sweden and Norway (1814- 1905) was a virtually unique case in which the two separated peacefully and integrated partially after the dissolution even though military tensions and confrontations existed at the time of the ‘annexation’ in 1814 and the dissolution in 1905.

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