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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Brian A Perrino (University of Nevada School of Medicine)
저널정보
대한소화관운동학회(현 대한소화기능성질환.운동학회) Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM) Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM) Vol.22 No.2
발행연도
2016.1
수록면
213 - 225 (13page)

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An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is the primary trigger of contraction of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles. However, increasing theCa2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments by elevating myosin light chain phosphorylation also plays an essential role. Inhibiting myosin lightchain phosphatase activity with protein kinase C-potentiated phosphatase inhibitor protein-17 kDa (CPI-17) and myosin phosphatasetargeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation is considered to be the primary mechanism underlying myofilament Ca2+ sensitization. The relative importance of Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms to the diverse patterns of GI motility is likely related to the varied functionalroles of GI smooth muscles. Increases in CPI-17 and MYPT1 phosphorylation in response to agonist stimulation regulate myosin lightchain phosphatase activity in phasic, tonic, and sphincteric GI smooth muscles. Recent evidence suggests that MYPT1 phosphorylationmay also contribute to force generation by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanisms responsible for maintainingconstitutive CPI-17 and MYPT1 phosphorylation in GI smooth muscles are still largely unknown. The characteristics of the cell-typescomprising the neuroeffector junction lead to fundamental differences between the effects of exogenous agonists and endogenousneurotransmitters on Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms. The contribution of various cell-types within the tunica muscularis to the motorresponses of GI organs to neurotransmission must be considered when determining the mechanisms by which Ca2+ sensitizationpathways are activated. The signaling pathways regulating Ca2+ sensitization may provide novel therapeutic strategies for controllingGI motility. This article will provide an overview of the current understanding of the biochemical basis for the regulation of Ca2+sensitization, while also discussing the functional importance to different smooth muscles of the GI tract.

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