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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
장성규 (한양대학교)
저널정보
한국민족운동사학회 한국민족운동사연구 한국민족운동사연구 제106호
발행연도
2021.1
수록면
47 - 101 (55page)

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이 논문의 연구 히스토리 (2)

2021

1920년 ‘琿春事件’과 일본군의 ‘間島出兵
장성규 한국민족운동사연구 2021.01 학술저널

2020

1920년 ''혼춘사건(琿春事件)''과 일본군의 ''간도출병(間島出兵)'' 재검토
장성규 사학과 2020.01 학위논문

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This study reexamined the conventional view that the Japanese Empire caused the 'Hunchun Incident(琿春事件)' to carry out the so-called 'Kando Intervention(間島出兵)' of Japanese Army in 1920, and attempted to reveal the historical details of the Hunchun Incident and the Kando Intervention of Japanese Army in a new light. Until now, research on the history of Korean independence movement has maintained the view of the so-called 'the theory of Japanese instigation of the Hunchun Incident' that the Japanese thoroughly planned and implemented the Japanese military's dispatch of troops in 1920, and that the incident was caused by Japan's inciting pro-Japanese mounted bandits to create a cause for the execution of the operation. However, the above view is based on some data without sufficient verification, so there is plenty of room for further consideration. In response, this study intended to criticize the conventional view through criticism and verification of historical facts of the incident and The Japanese Army's decision-making process on Kando invasion, and provide a new perspective on the historical facts of the ‘Hunchun Incident’ and the ‘Kando Intervention’ of Japanese Army. Since the March 1st Movement in 1919, the Japanese Government- General of Korea and the Japanese Army of Korea(朝鮮軍) have been wary of armed anti-Japanese groups. In response, the Japanese military issued 'the Instruction on the operation against Futei Senjin(對不逞鮮人作戰ニ関スル訓令)' in 1919 to destroy them. At the same time, they were negotiating with China to suppress anti-Japanese troops. From 1920, Japan began to engage in full-scale negotiations with the Northeast Chinese authorities, including Zhang Zuolin(張作霖), then the Governor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces(東三省巡閱使), to force them to investigate and eradicate the anti-Japanese forces, and to request a Sino-Japanese joint investigation. Meanwhile, Zhang Zuolin, who had been facing a showdown with the Zhili clique(直隸軍閥), has been cooperating with Japan to win Japan's sponsorship. In the end, he promised to condone the Japanese invasion of Kando province. Thanks to the compromise with Zhang Zuolin, the Japanese Army of Korea set up the 'Punitive expedition plan on Futei Senjin in Kando province(間島地方不逞鮮人剿討計劃)' which is the basis of its operation to dispatch troops to Kando, and proceeded with preparations for the invasion of Kando However, the Japanese government and the Foreign Ministry, which wanted to ease the economic and political burden of the ‘Invasion of Siberia’, were opposed to the Japanese military's dispatch because they did not want diplomatic problems anymore. Thus, despite the fact that negotiations with Zhang Zuolin allowed the Japanese military to participate in the Japanese invasion of Kando, the Japanese Army of Korea was not able to carry out the operation. In September and October 1920, the First and Second ‘Hunchun Incident’ broke out. In light of the situation in China at that time, this study suggests that the ‘Hunchun Incident’ was no different from the general bandit assault incident, not the one caused by instigation of Japanese Empire. In 1920, there was a prolonged war between warlords in China. As a result, Manchuria was mired in economic collapse and political turmoil, which brought about a vacuum in the security of Manchuria. The ‘Hunchun Incident’ was one of the countless banditry raids that took place in this situation. Examining activities of banditry leaders, Wan Shun(萬順) and Zhan Dong(戰東), their purpose of the raids is believed to have been to acquire loot and hostages, while also trying to destroy the city and bring disaster to the region to show off their dignity. The trace showed by them was just like the images of 'soldier-bandits(兵匪)' across China in the early 1920s. Meanwhile, the fact that the Japanese consulate was burned and many Japanese government officials and civilians were killed during the ‘Second Hunchun incident', and the information that Koreans and Russians were involved in it, were favorable information to emphasize the need for the Japanese military to dispatch the Japanese military to the Kando region. By actively utilizing this information, the Japanese Army of Korea promoted the 'Hunchun Incident' as the 'secundus Nikolayevsk Incident', prompting a sense of crisis in Japan's officials and people, and as a result, it was able to draw a surprise approval from the Japanese government. This enabled the Japanese military to push ahead with its plan to invade Kando, which had been planned since 1919. Meanwhile, the actions taken by the Japanese military, which defined the anti-Japanese troops as Partizan, turned out to be a tragedy called 'Kyungsin Catastrophe(庚申慘變)'. The ‘Kyungsin Catastrophe’ had already been designated since the beginning of the Kando troop dispatch plan, and the ‘Hunchun Incident’ provided only justification for implementing the plan. Japanese military gave their reason of dispatch on the protection of Japanese residents, but they actually abandoned their duty of care, rescue and relief, only devoted theirselves to the suppressing against the anti-Japanese army and the destruction of the Korean community. Their actions in Kando were tantamount to a repeat of the 'April Catastrophe(4월참변)' committed in the Maritime Province of Siberia. The ‘Kando Intervention’ of Japanese Army(1920) and ‘Kyungsin Catastrophe’ were the disaster which created by the Japanese military and the Japanese Government-General of Korea by taking advantage of the sense of crisis and political chaos in China.
#혼춘사건 #간도출병 #경신참변 #니콜라옙스크 사건 #장작림 #마적 #병비 #간도 #만주

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