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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
손승회 (영남대학교)
저널정보
대구사학회 대구사학 대구사학 제143권
발행연도
2021.1
수록면
291 - 329 (39page)

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Since its establishment, the Chinese Communist Party has consistently celebrated, praised and promoted the Paris Commune. Because it was the first regime established by the proletariat and was highly regarded by Karl Marx. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, this trend has continued and has been strengthened especially during the period of the Cultural Revolution emphasizing the practice of the Paris Commune principle. The interest and enthusiasm for the Paris Commune was very high from 1966 to 1967 at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. This was well demonstrated in the official media of the Chinese Communist Party. However, around 1971, the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Paris Commune, the aspect changed greatly, and the evaluation of the Communist Party for it also showed a fluctuating appearance. This originated from the fact that the principles of the Paris Commune, which served as the logic of the “revel(造反)”and the “seizing of power(奪權),” in the early years of the Cultural Revolution, were frustrated through the practical experience of the Shanghai Commune(上海人民公社). The actual destruction of the Shanghai Commune and the change of the name to the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee(上海革命委員會) would be a concrete expression. However, the ideal of the Paris Commune did not disappear during the period of the Cultural Revolution and was inherited to some extreme leftists. Although they and their ideal were suppressed by the “clique of the Cultural Revolution(文革派)” and erased from the history of the Cultural Revolution, they were later summoned again by the “New Left”. It was closely related to the problem of the “system of the party-state(黨ㆍ國體制)”. For Alain Badiou, who considered Cultural Revolution as a meaningful attempt to break through the limits of the party-state system, the Paris Commune was set as a “hypothesis” that would enable a new communist society. On the other hand, Gaozhun(顧准) who experienced the Cultural Revolution in person pointed out the limitations of direct democracy in the Paris Commune and suggested a new prospect for democracy.

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