본고는 동춘당 송준길가의 미주해본 한글 편지 247편에 나타나는 부사 중 주로 현대 국어와 차이를 보이는 부사를 중심으로 그 형태, 통사, 의미적 특성을 살펴보고, 아울러 21세기 세종계획 말뭉치 등과 여러 고어 사전류 자료를 검토함으로써 그 통시적 변화 양상을 개괄적으로 고찰하는 데에 목적이 있다. 고찰 결과 현대 국어의 부사와 달리 접미사 ‘-이/히’ 등이 결합되거나, 반대로 접미사가 탈락하거나 조사 및 어근의 일부가 탈락하는 형태적 차이를 보이는 부사가 고찰되었다. 그리고 품사가 달리 분석되거나 현대 국어와 다른 보조사 통합형 부사, 결합하는 후행 서술어와 서법 형태가 다른 부사 등 통사적 차이를 보이는 부사와 세부적인 의미 차이를 보이거나 현대 국어에서 사용되지 않는 것으로 보이는 부사들의 예가 고찰되었다. 특히 송준길가의 미주해본 한글 편지에서는 ‘막이, 여긔다이, 오록이, 층열히, 틈〻, 태평’과 같이 다른 문헌 자료에서는 전혀 나타나지 않거나 ‘급〻, 대관졀, 불측히, 점〻이’ 등처럼 말뭉치 자료에는 보이나 『조선시대 한글편지 어휘사전』과 같은 다른 사전류에서는 부사 표제어로 제시되지 않은 것들이 있고, ‘고〻이, 이득이’와 같이 미상으로 처리된 부사의 의미를 추정해 볼 수 있는 예들도 있어 그 가치를 일부 확인해 볼 수 있다.
The purpose of this study was to examine the adverbs in the 247 Hangul letters written by Song Jun-gil’s family from the 17th to the early 20th century which have not yet been annotated. This study focused on the adverbs in the Hangul letters which differ from contemporary Korean adverbs in terms of their morphological, syntactic, or semantic properties. This study also outlined the historical changes that the adverbs have undergone by examining adverbs in corpora, such as the 21st Century Sejong Project, and the several dictionaries of archaic words, such as The Lexical Dictionary of Hangeul Letters in Joseon Period. Unlike their contemporary Korean counterparts, some adverbs in the Hangul letters have an adverb suffix attached to an adjective stem, adverb, or Sino-Korean root, such as ‘dyohi, mai/mʌi,’ ‘neuri, magi,’ ‘beulgyeongi, bulcheukhi, soyoi, Jeomjeomi, cheungyeolhi.’ However, some adverbs in the Hangul letters omitted the adverb suffix, such as nanal, daedan/dʌydan, eolnyeon, teumteum, gakbyeol, jʌsye/jʌsi, jigeuk, geupgeup, gansin, tʌypyeong, and some even omitted a postpositional particle or part of a root, such as ‘uioe’ and ‘jam, jʌk.’ Some adverbs showing syntactical differences are ‘jyangsi,’ which is used as a noun in contemporary Korean, and ‘dasina, bʌlsyeona,’ to which a postpositional particle ‘na’ is attached in contemporary Korean. Also, ‘mai, chyeonman’ can modify more verbs and ‘dʌygwanjyeol, beudui’ can be followed by various mood types, unlike their counterparts in contemporary Korean. Some adverbs, such as ‘geudʌyji, mischeo, byeolno, chʌma’ can modify both negative and positive expressions, while their counterparts in contemporary Korean can only modify negative expressions. In addition, some adverbs, such as ‘basbi, amado, jʌsye/jʌsi’ have a different meaning from their counterparts in contemporary Korean. Some adverbs are not used in contemporary Korean, such as ‘gojʌkhi, gogoi, ideugi, yeoguidai, orogi, yoksayoksai, gajirok, geudʌydorok, daedoe, jʌru/jʌro, hyeonma, hyeolma.’ This study showed that some adverbs, such as ‘magi, yeoguidai, orogi, cheungyeolhi, teumteum, tʌypyeong,’ have not yet been reported in any corpora or archaic dictionaries, and some adverbs, such as ‘geupgeup, dʌygwanjyeol, bulcheukhi, Jeomjeomi,’ are not in the dictionaries of archaic words. This study explained the meaning of adverbs, such as ‘gogoi, ideugi,’ which are not identified in archaic dictionaries.