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Disease, Ideology, and Xenophobia: Politicization of COVID-19 and the Rise of Anti-Chinese Sentiment in South Korea
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감염병, 이념, 제노포비아: '코로나19'의 정치화와 반중(反中) 현상

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
성결대학교 다문화평화연구소 다문화와 평화 다문화와 평화 제14권 제1호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2020.1
Pages
22 - 43 (22page)

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Disease, Ideology, and Xenophobia: Politicization of COVID-19 and the Rise of Anti-Chinese Sentiment in South Korea
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Exploring political debates surrounding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that heated up the entire South Korean society during the first two months since the first case was reported, this study investigates how the proliferation of a disease, combined with domestic ideological conflicts, can lead to an explosion of xenophobia. In South Korea, there have been few cases where a disease ignited racism but COVID-19 brought about xenophobic sentiment against China and Chinese people. Wondering what makes this difference, this study focuses on South Korean domestic politics severely divided in terms of ideology as one of the causes. I argue that the rise of anti-Chinese sentiment is not just because the virus is believed to originate from China, but because the conservatives try to relate the disease to the government’s foreign policy toward China, denouncing it as humiliating. Analyzing editorials from two newspapers, the conservative Chosun-ilbo (The Chosun Daily) and the progressive Hankyoreh-sinmun (The Hankyoreh Daily) for eight weeks from January 20, when the first South Korean case reported, to March 14, 2020, I explore how COVID-19 is being otherized as foreign (in this case, China) and politicized as a political tool to attack or defend the legitimacy of the government and the ruling party.

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