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학술저널
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한국공법학회 공법연구 공법연구 제32집 제4호
발행연도
2004.3
수록면
137 - 158 (22page)

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Primary Election System of America contributed largely to party democratization and enlargement of democracy by participation of the rank and file of the parties and citizen in the party candidate nomination process for the elected public offices. Primary system is applied to election of almost every elected public office.About a hundred years ago, primary system was adopted for the first time in America, after that there were various and continuous attempts of more participation of citizen in the primary, and various types of the primary system were adopted. There are 5 types of the primary system in America now. In them, California's blanket primary system, that had the widest range of voter participation, was held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the U.S.A. in 2000. It meant that there is a certain limitation of voter participation in primary system.In general, primary system that has the widest range of voter participation is blanket primary and nonpartisan primary. And the nexts are open, semiclosed and closed primary systems Primary systems are regulated by party rules and state laws. If party rules and state laws on primary system are different from each other, then there can be a clash between voter's right of participation and party's right of association.The U.S Supreme Court held that voter's right of participation in primary election should not violate party's right of association protected by First Amendment of the U.S Constitution.If party rules priscribe open primary, state can not legislate closed primary. But If party rules priscribe closed primary, state has limit of legislation to adopt open primary. Because the Supreme Court held that California's blanket primary system is unconstitutional.Voter's participation In primary election is an essential request of our times. For more participation, it is needed to introduce open primary system as nonpartisan primary and to theorize a interpretation that recognize priority of voter's right of participation to party's right of association.

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AbstractⅠ. 머리말Ⅱ. 미국 예비선거제도의 기원과 현황Ⅲ. 예비선거와 유권자의 참여Ⅳ. 맺는 말《참고문헌》

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