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Background: Experimental studies on asthma have indicated that IL-13 induces airway hyperreactivity (AHR). However, it remains unproven that IL-13 is responsible for AHR of asthmatics. Eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) shows normal airway responsiveness despite eosinophilic airway inflammation with similar severity to that of asthma. Objective: This study evaluated the role of IL-13 in asthma by comparing the sputum IL-5 and IL-13 levels in both groups. Method: IL-5 and IL-13 were assayed in sputum and culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 asthmatics, 12 EB patients, and 11 normal controls. Result: IL-13 level was higher in asthmatics than EB patients or normal controls (P<.05). IL-5 level was similar in asthmatics and EB patients, who had significantly higher IL-5 level than normal controls. Sputum IL-13, not IL-5, is inversely correlated with PC20 methacholine value in asthmatics (r=-0.484, P=.02). IL-13 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in asthmatics than in EB patients. Conclusion: These findings suggested that IL-13 may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism of AHR in asthmatic patients.

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