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The present study compared the microbial diversityand activity during the aplication of various bioremediationprocesses to crude oil-contaminated soil. Five differenttreatments, including natural atenuation (NA), biostimulationa combined treatment (CT) of biostimulation, biosurfactantadition, and bioaugmentation, were used to analyze thedegradation rate and microbial comunities. After 120 days,the level of remaining hydrocarbons after all the treatmentswas similar, however, the highest rate (k) of total petroleumhydrocarbon (TPH) degradation was observed with the CTtreatment (P<0.05). The total bacterial counts increased duringthe first 2 weeks with all the treatments, and then remainedgene fragment, alkB, were compared by denaturing gradientgel electrophoresis (DGE). The DGE analyses of the BAand CT treatments, which included Nocardia sp. H17-1, revealeda simple dominant population structure, compared with theother treatments. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') andSimpson dominance index (D), calculated from the DGEprofiles using 16S rDNA, showed considerable qualitativebioremediation treatment as well as between treatment conditions.

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