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The dynamic industrialization and urbanization of South Korea led to the country’s rapid economic growth. However, various problems accompanied such developments. Among these problems were crime and the fear of crime, which have become major urban challenges faced by South Korea. As such, citizens continuously requested that the government build safer communities. In 2013, the government established safe villages incorporating “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design” (CPTED) principles in 10 towns (eub), townships (myun), and neighborhoods (dong) around the country.
This study investigates the impact of the safe village residents’ awareness of CPTED on their fear of crime. Specifically, 250 residents from the safe village in Songjuk-dong, Suwon-si, Gyonggi-do, which is a part of the Safe Village Pilot Project, were surveyed to study the effectiveness of the safe village. The collected data are analyzed. Frequency analysis, factory analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis of the collected data show that the residents’ awareness of CPTED influences the fear of crime perceived by the safe village residents.
The results of the study show that as the awareness of CPTED increases, the fear of crime decreases. As such, it can be said that the Safe Village Pilot Project – which was implemented to satisfy people’s desire for safe environments, and to reduce people’s anxiety and fear – does, in fact, improve the quality of life for residents of the safe villages.
From this study, the following implications for policy concerning reduction of fear of crime are evident. To effectively reduce fear of crime, projects involving public safety infrastructure and residents' safety network should be built on the strategies of natural surveillance (lighting facilities, improving street furniture, etc.), territorial security (fencing, installing signs, etc.), and natural access control (installing entry/departure control apparatus, creating one-way streets, etc.), which acts to reduce specific fears.
우리나라는 급격한 산업화와 도시화를 통해 빠른 경제성장을 이루었지만 이에 따른 다양한 문제가 발생했으며, 이 중 가장 중요한 도시 문제 중 하나로 범죄와 범죄두려움을 손에 꼽을 수 있다. 이로 인해 국민들은 보다 안전한 환경을 만들어 줄 것을 지속적으로 정부에게 요구하였고, 2013년 정부에서는 전국 10개 읍‧면‧동을 선정하여 CPTED 기법을 적용한 안심마을을 구축하였다.
본 연구에서는 안심마을 시범사업 거주민들의 CPTED 인식이 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 안심마을의 효과성을 검증하고자 경기도 수원시 송죽동 안심마을 거주민 250명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료에 대하여 빈도분석, 요인 및 신뢰도분석, 상관분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 안심마을 거주민들의 CPTED 인식은 범죄두려움에 영향을 미친다는 결론을 도출하였다.
본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 살펴보면 CPTED에 대한 인식이 높아지면 범죄두려움은 낮아지기 때문에 안전한 삶에 대한 국민들의 욕구를 만족시키며, 범죄두려움과 불안감을 해소시키기 위해 실시한 안심마을 시범사업은 안심마을 거주민들의 범죄두려움을 감소시키고 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 도움을 주고 있다고 할 수 있다.
이에 따라 본 연구에서는 일반적 두려움 감소에 영향을 미치는 자연적 감시(가로시설물, 조명시설 개선 등) 및 영역성 확보(표지판, 울타리 설치 등)와 구체적 두려움 감소에 영향을 미치는 자연적 접근통제(일방통행로, 출입차단장치 설치 등)를 중심으로 안전인프라 구축 사업, 주민안전 네트워크 구축 사업, 안전 네트워크 활동 지원 사업을 실시한다면 범죄두려움 감소에 더욱 큰 효과를 발휘할 수 있다는 정책적 시사점을 제안하였다.
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