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Background and Objectives:An experimental model of bacterial rhinosinusitis is essential to study the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis.To our knowledge, there hasnt been an experimental model using rats for bacterial rhinosinusitis, where Staphylococcusaureus is directly inoculated to the rat nose. Staphylococcus aureus is also a predominantly isolated bacterial pathogen in theepisode of acute rhinosinusitis. The aim of this study was to develop a rat model of rhinosinusitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus,ATCC 25923. Subjects and Method:The infected Sprague-Dawley rats (4-6 week-old male) were applied intranasally with40 μl of Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 25923, which corresponds to 108 colony-forming units per milliliter, which in turncorresponds to a No. 1 McFarland turbidity by spectrophotometer (VITEK, USA). After the 2nd, 5th, and 14th day, the ratswere killed respectively. Results:Nasal sinuses were then observed at low power field (×40) for changes in the amount ofinflammatory cell clusters in the sinus cavity. There were significant differences in the number of inflammatory cell clustersbetween the infected and control rats (p<0.05). The infected rats killed at the 5th day had significantly more inflammatory cellclusters within the sinus cavities (p<0.05). Conclusion:Staphylococcus aureus induces acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in rats asmeasured by increased inflammatory cell clusters. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a rat model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

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