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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
이준국제법연구원 JOURNAL OF EAST ASIA AND INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL OF EAST ASIA AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 제2권 제2호
발행연도
2009.1
수록면
497 - 516 (20page)

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International attention first focused on the use of rape as a tactic of warfare in Bosnia between 1991 and 1995. Rape was also employed by Hutu troops against Tutsiwomen in the genocidal campaign in Rwanda in 1994. In December of 1993, The United Nations adopted the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence againstWomen, and with that the international community acknowledged its global dimensions. What became clear to the world was that women’s distinctive needs,experiences, vulnerabilities, and perspectives were being excluded in the development of both the substantive and procedural rules of international humanitarian law, aswell as the remedies it offered victims. A community of elite women legal policy makers comprised of judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and investigators evolved to trythese cases in International Criminal Tribunals in Europe and Africa. During the Bosnian war of 1992-95 Yugoslav women and hundreds of other Muslim womenwere systematically raped and tortured in a clear attempt to advance the cause of ethnic cleansing. Several of the women took to court, and testified against, threeBosnian soldiers in the courtrooms of the Yugoslav war-crimes tribunal in The Hague. The ruling made on the rape cases between Yugoslav women and the BosnianSerb army is a landmark in establishing that systematic rape during conflict is not merely a violation of the practice of war but a crime against humanity. In turn,sexual assault during slavery has been recognized as an independent crime under humanitarian and human rights laws. The ruling is very significant because it opensthe door for many other victims of sexual violence to press for their recognition as victims, for penalties, and for compensation. It also means that effort willconsequently be made to promote its application. However, whether the codification of such laws can be translated into the practical protection of women during conflictremains to be seen.

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