Christianity and humanism seem to be two conflicting worldviews.
Yet, as two important traditions of Western culture, they have inevitably
interacted with each other in the course of history. In their encounters in
modern West, Christianity is always cautious of the anthropocentric
tendency of Humanism and critical towards the atheistic danger brought
about by secular humanism; meanwhile, secular humanism tends to expel
transcendence from its philosophical roots, proclaims itself as the
adjudicator of human destiny, and ignores religion or assigns it to the
sphere of private emotions. On the one hand, secular humanism seems to
have forgotten the fact that all its lofty ideals -- the sacredness of human
life, freedom, equality, and fraternity -- are inextricably entangled with
Christian values.3 On the other hand, it is also important to note that ancient
Greek culture as a historical source of Western humanism has had a deep
impact on Christian theology. As far as etymology is concerned, many key
Christian terms, such as theologia and ekklesia, come from ancient Greek
culture. From its very beginning, the spread of Christianity in the ‘gentile’
world was shaped and resisted by Greek culture at the same time. As a
consequence, there emerged a theological tradition that critically inherited
and transformed ancient Greek culture.
As the following discussion will indicate, this Christian adoption and
transformation of Greek culture includes the absorption of the humanistic
spirit of ancient Greece. This paper aims at investigating how early
Christian thinkers inherited and transformed Greek humanistic tradition and
in turn gave birth to the tradition of Christian humanism. As many concepts
became separated from and opposite to each other only in the modern time
rather than starting from the very beginning, Christianity and humanism
were not diametrically opposed to each other throughout Western cultural
history. There are some actual cases showing that at some points the two
traditions were intertwined and even highly integrated. These cases indicate
that there is no inevitable or irreconcilable conflict between the two
traditions.
Christianity and humanism seem to be two conflicting worldviews.
Yet, as two important traditions of Western culture, they have inevitably
interacted with each other in the course of history. In their encounters in
modern West, Christianity is always cautious of the anthropocentric
tendency of Humanism and critical towards the atheistic danger brought
about by secular humanism; meanwhile, secular humanism tends to expel
transcendence from its philosophical roots, proclaims itself as the
adjudicator of human destiny, and ignores religion or assigns it to the
sphere of private emotions. On the one hand, secular humanism seems to
have forgotten the fact that all its lofty ideals -- the sacredness of human
life, freedom, equality, and fraternity -- are inextricably entangled with
Christian values.3 On the other hand, it is also important to note that ancient
Greek culture as a historical source of Western humanism has had a deep
impact on Christian theology. As far as etymology is concerned, many key
Christian terms, such as theologia and ekklesia, come from ancient Greek
culture. From its very beginning, the spread of Christianity in the ‘gentile’
world was shaped and resisted by Greek culture at the same time. As a
consequence, there emerged a theological tradition that critically inherited
and transformed ancient Greek culture.
As the following discussion will indicate, this Christian adoption and
transformation of Greek culture includes the absorption of the humanistic
spirit of ancient Greece. This paper aims at investigating how early
Christian thinkers inherited and transformed Greek humanistic tradition and
in turn gave birth to the tradition of Christian humanism. As many concepts
became separated from and opposite to each other only in the modern time
rather than starting from the very beginning, Christianity and humanism
were not diametrically opposed to each other throughout Western cultural
history. There are some actual cases showing that at some points the two
traditions were intertwined and even highly integrated. These cases indicate
that there is no inevitable or irreconcilable conflict between the two
traditions.