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Reexamination of Women's Representation: Evidence from the Maternity Protection Law in South Korea
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여성대표성 재고찰- 모성보호법 정책결정과정을 중심으로

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
한국사회역사학회 담론201 담론201 제19권 제2호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2016.1
Pages
63 - 96 (34page)

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Reexamination of Women's Representation: Evidence from the Maternity Protection Law in South Korea
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Most feminist work focuses on descriptive and substantive representation and the ways in which these two forms of representation may be linked to each other. Especially, critical mass theory assumed that sheer numbers of women have a proportional impact on policy-making around women’s interests. However, it is hard to explain women’s policy changes in South Korea where the ratio of women legislators is lower than 15%. This article revisits the process of the Maternity Protection Law in South Korea based on the critical actor model and the framework proposed by Htun and Weldon and reexamines the relation between descriptive and substantive representation in women’s representation. In this analysis, I found that descriptive representation is not a precondition of substantive representation. Especially, when the ratio of women in legislature is lower than 15%, critical actors who try to represent women’s interests and change them into women’s policies are more important than the ratio of women. In contrast with the assumption of critical mass theory, substantive representation may be a precondition for descriptive representation. In another words, to increase women’s greater descriptive representation, much efforts should have been made to represent women’s interests (substantive representation) by critical actors.

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